2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考12 动词时态(讲解)【附答案】 下载本文

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2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 — 动词时态

【知识方法】

一般现在时 : 谓语动词用动词原形或第三人称单数形式

一般过去时:谓语动词用动词的过去式 的形式

一般将来时:谓语动词用will/be going to +动词的原形 动词的时态

现在进行时:谓语动词用am/is/are +动词原形的形式

过去进行时:谓语动词用was/were+动词的现在分词

现在完成时:谓语动词用have/has+动词的过去分词

知 识 清 单

动词的时态

动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过

去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

1.一般现在时

1)一般现在时态的构成:主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时,作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:

一般情况 以s, x, ch, sh 或 o结尾 以辅音+y结尾 +s +es 去y变i+es 2)一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):

主 语 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 肯 定 式 I am a student. We/You/ They are students. He/ She is a student. 否 定 式 I am not a student. 疑 问 式 Are you a student. We/You/ They are not Are you/ they students? students. Is he/ she a student? I / We/ You/ They/ like He/ She is not a Do you/ they like music? music. Many people like music. student. I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music. Many people don’t like music. Do many people like music?

3)一般现在时态的用法:

现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作 。例如: I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week. 现在的状态 例如:

My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客观真理 例如:

The earth goes around the sun. 4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:

often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

1. --- May I help you, sir?

--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.

A. didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work

【答案】B.

【解析】:电视虽然是前天买的, 但坏了是现在的状态, 应该用一般现在时态。 2.______ the bus until it ______..

A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop 【答案】C

【解析】:这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句,主句是祈使句,因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。根据句意此题应用not …until(直到……才)句型。应选C。 3.The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.

A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take 【答案】A

【解析】:“这个70岁的老人早晨锻炼。”这里锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。因此,应选A.

2.一般过去时

1)一般过去时的构成:

用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:

一般情况 以e字母结尾的辅音 以辅音字母+y结尾 重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母 2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):

主 语 肯 定 式 否 定 式

+ed +d 去y变i+ed 双写词尾字母+ed 疑 问 式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I was a student. I was not a student. Were you a student. you/ they We/You/ They were We/You/ They were not Were students. He/ She was a student. students. students? He/ She was not a Was he/ she a student? student. I / We/ You/ They/ liked I / We/ You/ They/ Did you/ they like music. Many music.

3)一般过去时的用法: 1. 过去发生的动作。例如:

The police stopped me on my way home last night. 2. 过去存在的状态。例如:

They weren't able to come because they were so busy. 3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,often,always等。

people didn’t like music. music? liked Many people didn’t like Did many people like music. music? 3.一般将来时

1.一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow、tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening、next week month/year、soon、in a few days等连用。 Mr. Wu will teach us English this term 这学期将由吴老师教我们英语。

I will go to my hometown next week.下周我要回老家。 2.一般将来时有下面几种形式: (1)助动词will+动词原形。

We won't leave before nine.9点之前我们不会走。

在疑问句中,当主语是第一人称I或we时,常用助动词shall . What time shall we leave?我们什么时候出发? What shall we do in our English class tomorrow ?

明天的英语课上我们干什么?

(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生某事或打算、计划要做某事。 I'm going to do my homework this evening. 我打算今晚做我的家庭作业。 Who is going to speak first?谁先发言?

(3)come、go、start、leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。 I am going to Beijing this Sunday. 这周日我要去北京。

(4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来要发生的事。 I'll give the note to him as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就把这张便条交给他。

四、现在进行时

1.现在进行时由“助动词am/is/are+现在分词”构成,表示现在正在进行的动作。其时间状语为now或现在的具体时刻,也可从上下文体现出来。 -What are you doing? -I'm reading a book . 你在干什么? ——我正在看书。

He is watching TV now.现在他正在看电视。 2.“连系动词+介词/副词”也可表示正在进行的 动作。

He is at work.他正在工作

3. 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词,如hope smell、hear、see、like等一般不用进行时态。

五、过去进行时

过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成,表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示外,一般用表示过去的时间状语来表示,常和at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,this time yesterday等连用。

They were having a class this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他们正在上课

六、现在完成时

一. 用法: