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treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.

Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food

__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”

“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

A. hungry A. recognize A. motivation A. common A. preferences A. naturally A. gain

A. concealed A. separate A. potential A. cultivation A. in terms of A. In other words A. promoting A. chance B. stressful B. investigate B. appearance B. unconscious B. implications B. strikingly B. proof B. imposed B. special B. constant B. resistance B. on account of B. On the contrary B. assuming B. sense C. anxious C. diagnose C. emotion C. primary C. ingredients C. fortunately C. respond C. edited C. expensive C. intense C. satisfaction C. regardless of C. For example C. insulting C. rush D. timid D. recall D. behaviour D. temporary D. intentions D. personally D. attention D. marked D. original D. instant D. awareness D. with respect to D. In addition D. assessing D. harm

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.

My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.

Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover? After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.

For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up

at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,

“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”

Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.

“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”

At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.

56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.

A. conscience B. success C. confidence D. perseverance

57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.

A. bored and impatient B. cheerful and proud

C. upset and disappointed D. miserable and ashamed

58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?

A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.

B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first. C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.

D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.

59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.

A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the couple

B. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his book

C. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readers

D. he had found someone who appreciated his writing

(B)

The truth of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student should live without.

Raise—Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app. Before you buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cards you can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone — no need to worry about forgetting your gift cards at home.

iStudiez Pro—For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.

SelfControl—College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They always need to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!

Mint—It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on how much you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).

LifeSite Vault—Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.

That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their Social Security cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card. 60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.

A. sales information on school supplies B. discounted gift cards for school items

C. online shopping guidelines D. a barcode on your phone

61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probably need _________.

A. iStudiez Pro B. SelfControl C. Mint D. LifeSite Vault

62. What is the main purpose of this passage?

A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.

B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.

C. To compare different types of online learning tools.

D. To explain how to use some modern applications.

(C)

More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years,

humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.

Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.

Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes

similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.

Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.

Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.

In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.

63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.

A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classification

B. introduce the need for a better system of naming organisms

C. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming system

D. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism

64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.

B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.

C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.

D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.

65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?

A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.

B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.

C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.

D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.

66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. The Father of Modern Taxonomy

B. Classifying Organisms