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Book5 Unit1 Great Scientists

语法：过去分词作定语和表语

Step1：Lead-in 寻规找矩：请找出下面句子中的分词， 并说出分别充当什么成分。 1. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. 2. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 3. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person died. 4. It came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.

5. He told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so that it could not be used.

6. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 整理： 污染了的水__

患者 ___

惊慌失措的人们__

_ _

受霍乱影响的人们__

_ _

被脏水污染了的河流__ 恐惧的人们__

_

Step2: 过去分词作定语(相当于一个定语从句)

一、过去分词作定语的位置

① 单个的过去分词作定语，常置于被修饰词前。 the broken clock 坏了的钟表 (=the clock which was broken)

the stolen backpack 被偷走的背包（the back pack which has been stolen） ②过去分词短语作定语，常置于被修饰词后。

Most of the people invited to the party didn’t come. 大部分被邀请的人没有来。 (=Most of the people who were invited to the party didn’t come.) 二、过去分词作定语的意义

1. 过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。

spoken English = English which is spoken an honoured guest The girl____ The boy ___ 一位受尊敬的客人

英语口语

deeply moved people 深受感动的人们

_(dress) in white is his daughter.

_(seat) at the back of the classroom is clever.坐在教室后面的这男孩很聪明。

2. 表示被动和完成。

the broken glass 碎了的杯子 the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 We went to visit the bridge built(=which was built) hundreds of years ago．

3. 只表示完成，不表示被动。 (通常是表示位移或状态改变的动词）

the changing world the changed world

developing countries developed countries

falling leaves fallen leaves a rising sun the risen sun

注：过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省略式的定语从句。 The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. 1)一颗破碎的心 _ _ 2)一次有组织的旅行 3)未被邀请的客人_ _ 4) The book which was recommended by Jack is worth reading. （用非谓语改写句子) ____

三、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区分 1)The young man ___ 2)All the books ___ 3)The problem ___ 4)The problem ___ 5)The problem____ falling leaves ___ fallen leaves ___

_

( sit) between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. ( borrow) from the library should be returned by Friday.

( discuss) yesterday has something to do with us. ( discuss) now has something to do with us. _( discuss) tomorrow has something to do with us. a drowning man ___ a drowned man ___

boiling water

_ the changing world ___ _ the changed world ____

进行式 构成 doing

_ _

developing contries __ developed countries___ 非谓语动词作定语的区 分

boiled water __

非谓语形式 分词 主动 被动 主动 被动 一般式 构成 doing done to do 所表示意义 所表示意义 being done 不定式 to be done

注：having been done 一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如： 我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.

但下列句子正确 Charlie, having lived there for years, decided to return to London.

Step3：过去分词做表语

一、过去分词作表语的意义

过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，多用表示心理情感类的词，如 interested, delighted, surprised 等。其系动词有包括be 在内的多种形式（remain; keep; stay; become; feel….）。 Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． You seem frightened. 二、过去分词和现在分词作表语的区分 What he said was encouraging. We were encouraged at what he said. V-ing 表主动与进行，常用于表示事物的性质， “使人…,令人…” ； V-ed 含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的感觉， “(某人)感到…”。 常见的这类词有：__ ★常用的系表结构 ①be/get married to sb. ②be lost in thought

③get/be stuck/caught/trapped

④be/remain seated ⑤be dressed in ⑥get/be sunburnt

_.

⑦get/be drunk ⑧get injured/hurt ⑨be devoted/absorbed