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摘 要
随着电子科学技术的发展，电子技术成为安全方面的有力手段，许许多多安全方面的电子产品，是人们的生活的得力助手。本设计利用单片机技术结合单片机内部自带的AD转换器构建了一个可燃气体检测报警器。当环境中可燃气体泄露时，气体报警器检测到可燃气体浓度达到报警器设置的临界点时，可燃气体报警器就会发出声光报警信号，以提醒工作人员采取安全措施。本文首先简要介绍了课题的研究背景和目前的国内外的发展状况，然后介绍设计可燃气体检测报警器的设计内容及功能需求，最后详细介绍了可燃气体检测报警器的设计流程，以及硬件系统和软件系统的设计，并给出了硬件电路的设计细节，包括各部分电路的走向、芯片的选择等。
本次设计采用MQ-4气体传感器作为可燃气体的信号采集工具，采集到的模拟电压量经过STC90C54AD单片机内部自带的AD转换器为数字信号。单片机采集到的数字信号后经过单片机内部进行简单的数据处理，如果可燃气体浓度达到报警器设置的临界点时单片机将蜂鸣器发出报警信号。在无可燃气体的情况下，发生未知的危险，报警器可以人为的控制按键发出报警信号提醒人们。
关键词：MQ-4传感器；STC90C54AD单片机；数码管显示；报警
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Abstract
With the development of science and technology, electronic technology uses the internal microcontroller chip technology combined with In- ternal AD converter built a combustible gas detection alarm. When the environment com- bustible gas leak, the gas alarm detects combustible gas concentration reaches the alarm threshold set point, combustible gas alarm will be audible and visual alarm signals to alert staff to take safety measures. This article briefly introduces the research background and the current state of development at describes the design of combust-
ible gas detection alarm design content and functional requirements, the final details of the combustible gas detection alarm design process, as well as , and gives the details, including the trend of each part of the circuit, the chip selection and so on.
The design uses MQ-4 gas sensor signal acquisition as a tool for combustible gases, the amount collected from the analog voltage comes through STC90C54AD internal microcont-
roller AD converter into a digital signal. Chip digital signal collected through internal micr- ocontroller simple data processing, if the flammable gas concentration reaches a critical point alarm settings when the microcontroller will buzzer alarm. In the case of non-combustible ga-
ses, the occurrence of unknown dangers, the alarm can artificially control buttons alarm signal to remind people.
Keywords: MQ - 4 sensors; STC90C54AD single chip microcomputer; Digital tube display; Alarm
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目 录
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绪论 ............................................................................................................................1 1.1 本课题研究背景及意义 .................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外发展概况及研究方向 ............................................................................ 2 1.3 本课题设计内容 ................................................................................................ 3 2 系统设计原理及功能要求 ..........................................................................................4
2.1 选择器件 ............................................................................................................ 4 2.2 系统原理及基本框图 ........................................................................................ 4 2.3 系统实现的功能 ................................................................................................ 5 3 主要元器件选择 ..........................................................................................................6
3.1 STC90C54AD单片机 ...................................................................................... 6
3.1.1 STC90C54AD单片机概述 ...................................................................6 3.1.2 STC90C54AD单片机内部AD模块 ...................................................7 3.2 瓦斯检测设备工作原理分析 ............................................................................ 9
3.2.1 MQ-4传感器简介 .................................................................................9 3.2.2 敏感元件工作原理 ..............................................................................10
4 硬件系统电路设计 .................................................................................................... 11
4.1 可燃气体信号采集及AD转换模块 .............................................................. 11 4.2 数码管显示模块 .............................................................................................. 11 4.3 声光报警模块 .................................................................................................. 13
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