内容发布更新时间 : 2024/5/22 12:14:31星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

钻井工程术语

Terms of well drilling engineering

2钻井总论 general

2.1井的基本概念basic concept of a well

井 well ，井口 wellhead，井底 hole bottom，裸眼 open-hole，井深 well depth，井壁 well wall，annulus井眼轴线 hole axis:井眼的中心线，井身结构 casing program

2.2井的类别 well type:

探井 exploratory well，开发井 development well，直井 straight well

3钻井方法drilling method:

顿钻钻井 cable tool drilling:，杆式顿钻rod tool drilling，绳式顿钻cable drilling，旋转钻井 rotary drilling，转盘钻井 rotary drilling，顶部驱动钻井top drive drilling，井底动力钻井down hole motor drilling，涡轮钻井 turbo-drilling，螺杆钻井 Dyna-drilling，电动钻井 electric drilling:

2.4钻井种类kinds of drilling

海上钻井offshore drilling，沙漠钻井desert drilling，清水钻井water drilling，空气（天然气）钻井air(gas) drilling，泡沫钻井foam drilling，雾化钻井mist drilling，充气钻井液钻井aerated drilling fluid drilling，平衡压力钻井balanced pressure drilling，欠平衡压力钻井under-balanced drilling，近平衡压力钻井near balanced drilling，小井眼钻井slim hole drilling，取芯钻井core drilling，

2.5工程报废井engineering abandoned well 2.6钻井设计well design

2.7单井工程设计engineering design of a single well 2.8钻井工程质量drilling engineering quality 2.9钻井工序drilling process 2.10钻井进度drilling progress 2.11钻井条件drilling condition

3岩石的物理机械性质及可钻性rock physical mechanical properties and drillability

3.1岩石的物理机械性质rock mechanical properties:

矿物的微硬度mineral micro-hardness，岩石的微硬度rock micro-hardness，岩石的硬度rock hardness，肖氏岩石硬度Shore's hardness，岩石的筒形抗内压胀烈试验hollow cylinder burst test:，岩石的常规抗压缩强度rock compressive strength，岩石的捣碎法压缩试验crashing compression test for rock，岩石的抗压入破碎强度rock fragmenting strength，压模静压入static impact test，压力面pressure face，等剪应力球面iso-shear sphere，压模压入岩石时的变形曲线force-penetration curve，动压入(冲击压入) impact penetration，岩石的抗剪切强度rock shear strength，岩石的抗剪切强度试验rock shear testing，三轴应力状态tri-axial stress state，岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial compressive test of rock，岩石的常规三轴试验conventional triaxial test of rock，岩石的真三轴试验true triaxial test of rock，脆性岩石brittle rock，岩石的塑性rock plasticity，塑性岩石plastic rock，岩石的塑性变形rock plastic deformation，，岩石的假塑性破坏rock pseudo-plastics breakage，， 岩石的塑性系数rock plasticity coefficient，岩石脆塑性转变压力(临界压力) rock brittle-plastic transition pressure，岩层蠕变 strata creep，岩石的库仑-纳维尔强度准则Coulomb-Navier strength

criterion for rock，岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr failure criterion for rock，岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith theory for rock brittle failure，统计强度理论statistical strength theory，破碎机理crushing mechanism，单齿压入试验single tooth penetration test，破碎坑cruched crater，破碎接触压力 fracture contact pressure，牙轮钻头承压面积bit bearing area，岩石的表面破碎rock surface fracture:，岩石的疲劳破碎rock fatigue fracture，岩石的体积破碎rock volumetric fracture，岩石的单位体积破碎功rock specific volumetric fragile work，地温梯度geothermal gradient，地温级度geothermal step，高导热系数层high thermal conductivity strata，地应力in-situ stress，岩层的水平侧向应力strata lateral stress，侧压系数lateral pressure coefficient，围压confinning pressure，各向压缩效应triaxial compressibility effect，有效应力effective stress，零有效应力zero effective stress:，压持效应chip hold-down effect，岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer，

3.2岩石的微观结构rock micro-structure，3.3岩石的宏观结构rock macro-structure 3.4岩石的不均匀性rock heterogeneity，3.5岩石的各向异性rock anisotropy

3.6岩石的可钻性rock drill-ability，微观钻头可钻性试验micro-bit drill-ability test，微型钻

头micro-bit，微型钻头钻速micro-bit drilling rate，微型钻头刀片齿磨损量micro-bit cutter wear，

3.7岩石研磨性rock abrasive properties， 3.8岩石的渗透率rock permeability，

4钻前工程 prespud operation

4.1定井位location determination，4.2选线route selection，4.3井场well site， 4.4井场布置well site arrangement:，4.5井场道路access road at well site， 4.6设备安装equipment installation，4.7圆井cellar，4.8废泥浆池waste(reserve) pit， 4.9泥浆罐mud tank，

4.10钻机基础rig foundation，预制基础(活动基础) pre-fabricated foundation，现浇基础(死基

础) foundation grouted in situ，桩基础pile supported foundation，

4.11钻机基础设计rig foundation design，

4.12基础安装(摆基础) pre-fabricated foundation setting，

4.13基础浇筑(打基础) foundation grouting，基坑放线foundation pit delimitation，挖基坑

foundation pit excavation，填石灌浆grout for bonding rubbles placed into pit，

4.14基础找平foundation levelling，

4.15基础养护concret foundation curing，

4.16井架derrick(mast)，塔形井架pyramid mast，自升式井架self erection mast，前开口式井

架cantilever mast， A形井架A-mast，桅形井架mast，

4.17井架结构参数derrick structural parameter，井架公称高度 derrick nominal height，井

架底尺寸derrick base size，井架上底尺寸water table size，二层台公称高度 monkey board

nominal height:，井架大门高度V-door height，井架大门开档尺寸V-door demensions，

4.18井架构件derrick member，井架大腿derrick leg，底板(支脚板) bottom plate，横杆(横拉筋)

girt，斜杆(斜拉筋) brace，联接板(节点板) connection angle-plate，操作台working platform:，指梁finger board，二层台racking platform(monkey board)，三层台auxillary racking platform，天车台crown safety platform(crown runaround)，天车台人字架gin pole，立管台standpipe board，井架绷绳derrick guy line，绷绳锚guy line anchor(dead-man)，扶梯ladder，钻台derrick floor，立根盒pipe setback(setback)，井架大门(前大门) V-door，绞车大门(后大门) draw-works window opening，挡风墙wind wall，

4.19塔形井架安装pyramid derrick standing，运井架derrick members transportation:，整理井架

rig spotting，安装索具 string drilling line and install raising line:，吊扒杆cantilever gin-pole

hoisting and setting，封装井架大门V-door closing，升扒杆cantilever gin-pole raising，降扒杆cantilever gin-pole lowering，放扒杆cantilever gin-pole laying down，变幅amplitude，穿钢丝绳string up(stringing up)，对吊balance hoisting with two cantilever，起天车crown block hoisting，放天车crown block dismounting，高空操作手erector work high above ground，第一操作手first erector，第二操作手erector，第三操作手assistant erector，

4.20自升式井架安装erection of self-erection mast，组装井架mast assembling，井架支架mast

bracket，起升支架mast raising，起升绳raising line， 底座人字架A-frame of substructure:，井架调节装置balance-adjusting device of mast，井架缓冲器mast damper，

4.21整拖井架 skid-mounted derrick，4.22钻机整体拖运rig skidding，4.23校正井架derrick aligning， 4.24机泵房 engine-pump housing，4.25钻井队野营房drilling crew mobile camp，

4.26扒杆cantilever gin-pole，单扒杆single cantilever gin-pole，悬转扒杆rotable turning and suspended cantilever gin-pole:，吊臂(臂杆) cantilever，主扒杆main pole，上撑杆upper supporting pole，下撑杆lower support pole，辅助撑杆accessory supporting pole，底部转座bottom rotary table，中部转座middle rotary table，顶部转座top rotary table，座板bottom plate，臂顶滑轮cantilever top sheave，变幅滑轮cantilever amplitude sheave，底滑轮bottom sheave，起重钢丝绳hoisting line，变幅钢丝绳amplitude line， 4.27井架安装车A-frame truck:，

4.28静力触探车truck-mounted static probe detector， 4.29尖槟吊扳手(尖扳手)cuspate spanner，

5钻头的选择和使用 bit selection and application

5.1钻头选型bit selection，5.2钻头检查bit inspection，5.3钻头使用寿命bit life， 5.4钻头合理起钻时间reasonable time to pull the bi，5.5钻头过度使用overuse of bit， 5.6钻头正常磨损bit uniform wear，5.7钻头异常磨损bit unfavorable wear， 5.8钻头过度磨损bit excessive wea，5.9牙轮钻头轴承失效bit bearing failure，

5.10钻头磨损分析bit dullness analysis，牙齿的磨损分级tooth dullness grading，轴承磨损分级bearing wear grading，钻头直径磨损bit gage wear，钻头磨损特征dull bit appearance，牙齿折断tooth breakage，牙齿脱落lost teeth，牙齿磨损tooth wear，牙轮掉落cone losing:，牙轮破裂cone cracking，牙轮互咬cone interference，牙轮冲蚀cone-shell erosion，牙轮旷动cone shaking，牙轮卡死cone locked，轴承密封失效bearing seal failure，钻头直径磨小bit gauge wear，喷嘴脱落nozzle losing，水眼螺纹刺坏thread puncture，水眼刺坏water course puncture，喷嘴刺坏nozzle puncture，喷嘴堵塞nozzle plugging，中心磨损严重bit center cored out，巴掌断落shirt-tail cut，巴掌断裂shirt-tail breaking，巴掌尖磨损严重shirt-tail severely worn out，钻头泥包bit balling，井底落物损坏damage from foreign material，

6钻柱、钻井工具及仪表 drill string, drilling tool and instrumentation

6.1钻具drilling tool，方钻杆kelly，钻杆drill pipe，铝合金钻杆aluminium drill pipe，加重钻杆(厚壁钻杆) heavy wall drill pipe，钻铤drill collar，方钻铤square drill collar，偏重钻铤eccentric-weight drill collar， 螺旋钻铤spiral DC(spiral-grooved DC):，接头joint(sub)，配合接头(转换接头) cross-over sub，钻杆接头drill pipe tool joint，水龙头接头swivel tool joint，方钻杆保护接头kelly saver sub，

6.2钻具组合(钻具配合)drill string assembly，