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高考阅读微技能训练1---猜测词义

一、利用上下文猜测词义 Definition and Explanation:

1. Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it more carefully. The word “skimming” means ______________.

2. Ecology can be defined as a branch of biology that deals with the habits of living things, especially their relation to their environment. The word “ecology” means _______________. 3. That man will live for ever; he’s immortal. The word “immortal” means ______________.

4. They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have backbones. The word “vertebrates” means_____. Examples and Classification:

5. Select any of the periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, Reader’s Digest or the New Yorker. The word “periodicals” means ________________.

6. Household appliances, especially TV sets, washing-machines and tape-recorders are not selling well these days. The word “household appliances” means ______________. Comparison and Contrast:

7. There were no fillip seats available, so they were forced to buy expensive ones. The word “fillip” means _____________.

8. Food is to man what manure to crops. The word “manure” means _____________.

9. Mother was tall, fat, and middle aged. The headmaster was an older woman, almost as plump as Mother and much shorter. The word “plump” means ____________. Description:

10. The worker’s life were wretched. They worked from morning to night in all kinds of weather, earning only enough money to buy their simple food and cheap clothes. The word “wretched” means ___________. Repetition of concepts or sentence structures

11. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go. The phrase “make out” means ____________. 二、利用语法知识猜测词义

1. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970’s when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. “Oncogenes” means__________. 2. The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations. The word “adolescence” means ____________.

3. Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented. The word “dissented” means ____________.

4. There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). The word “external” means __________. The word “internal” means ___________. 5. Careful and thoughtful readers always think about what they are reading, trying to interpret ― explain and understand ― the ideas presented in a reading passage. The word “interpret” means _________. 三、利用常识猜测词义

1. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. The word “lintel” means __________.

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2. ---How do you know we’ve bought a TV set?

---I saw an antenna on the top of your house. The word “antenna” means ___________. 3. A fish breathes in water with gills. The word “gills” means ______ 四、利用构词法知识猜测词义

1. If you can spare two or three hours a day, break them up into some periods to avoid brain overload. The word “overload” means ____________.

2. Unlike the western competitors, Chinese exhibitors don’t give away a lot of freebies during exhibitions. The word “freebies” means ___________.

3. The athlete cheated in the Olympic Games by taking some forbidden drugs. His behavior was a dishonor to his country. The word “dishonor” means ________. Practice:

1. The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society --- a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.

“My grandmothers didn’t do anything but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.

The word “chapter” means _____.

A. one branch of an organization B. a written agreement of a club C. one part of a collection of poems D. a period in a society’s history

2. Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercising or overeating.

Research suggests that having overweight parents is a big influence upon a child’s weight, with one study finding that children with overweight parents were four times more likely to be overweight themselves.

The phrase “juvenile obesity” means _____.

A. Adult education. B. Childhood overweight. C. Parents’ influence. D. Growing pains.

3. “But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”

“I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions. I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”

The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to_____. A. full of respect B. too confident and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet

4. William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities---science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

The word “mingled” most probably means ______. A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy

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5. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. The phrase “mopping up” means _____.

A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out

6. Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.

What is a bird’s “territory”? _____.

A. A place where families of other species are not accepted. B. A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice. C. An area for which birds fight against each other. D. An area which a bird considers to be its own.

7. Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands, respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they get others to follow? The word “cultivated” roughly means _____.

A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed

8. “Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey. When waves come toward the shore, people can set up dams to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机). The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity.

The phrase “picking up” is closest in meaning to _____.

A. starting again B. speeding up C. gathering D. improving

9. The plants are about one metre apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got. The word “pruning” means _____.

A. regular cutting of the plants B. frequent watering

C. regular use of chemicals D. growing the plants high in the mountain

10. More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care. The word “survey” most probably means _____. A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination

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