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浙江省天台县平桥中学2014届高三自选模块上学期第一次月考试题
（答案不全）
题号：01
“中国古代诗歌散文欣赏”模块（10分） 阅读下面的散文，然后回答问题。
有 若
[南宋]洪迈
《史记·有若传》云：“孔子没，弟子以若状似孔子，立以为师。他日，进问曰：‘昔夫子当行，使弟子持雨具，已而果雨。弟子问何以知之，夫子曰：《诗》不云乎？月离于毕，
①
俾滂沱矣。昨暮月不宿毕乎？他日，月宿毕，竟不雨。商瞿年长无子，孔子曰瞿年四十后当有五丈夫子，已而果然。敢问何以知此？’有若无以应。弟子起曰：‘有子避之，此非子之座也！’”予谓此两事殆近于星历卜祝之学，何足以为圣人而谓孔子言之乎？有若不能知，何所加损，而弟子遽以是斥退之乎！
《孟子》称：“子夏、子张、子游，以若似圣人，欲以所事孔子事之，曾子不可”，但言“江汉、秋阳不可尚”而已，未尝深诋也。《论语》记诸善言，以有子之言为第二章，在曾子之前；使有避坐之事，弟子肯如是哉？《檀弓》载有子闻曾子“丧欲速贫，死欲速朽”两语，以为“非君子之言”，又以为“夫子有为言之”。子游曰：“甚哉！有子之言似夫子也。”则其为门弟子所敬久矣。太史公之书，于是为失矣。且人所传者道也，岂应以状貌之似而师之邪？世所图《七十二贤画像》，其画有若遂与孔子略等，此又可笑也。
（选自洪迈《容斋随笔》）
【注】①月离于毕，俾滂沱矣：意思是月亮靠近毕宿，就会滂沱大雨。毕，二十八星宿之一。
（1）指出作者认为《史记》关于有若的记载失实的依据。（6分） （2）本文运用哪些方法来增强说服力？请简要分析。（4分） 题号：02
“中国现代诗歌散文欣赏”模块（10分） 阅读下面的诗歌，然后回答问题。
我和石头 牛汉 我的书架上
摆放着许多大大小小粗砺的石头。 多少人久久望着石头问我： 为什么如此敬爱石头？ 我沉默不语。
我是一块站立的石头。
我听见每块石头都跳动着大山的心灵， 我日夜听着它们噗噗地跳着…… 我与失落在人间的石头们相依为命。
（1）体味“我沉默不语”一句在诗中的作用。（4分） （2）“我”与“石头”的关系如何？诗人借此表达了什么思想感情？（6分）
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数 学
题号：03
“数学史与不等式选讲”模块
222
(1) 设a，b，c为实数，求证：a＋b＋c≥ab＋bc＋ca； (2) 若正实数a，b，c满足abc＝1，求
a4b(a?c)?b4c(a?b)?c4a(b?c)的最小值．
题号：04
“矩阵与变换和坐标系与参数方程”模块
?x?2?at,x2?y2?1于点A，B两点，设直线l：?（t为参数，a∈R）交椭圆于4?y?1?(a?1)t,点P的坐标为 (2，1)．
(1) 若a＝3，求 | PA |?| PB | 的值；
13(2) 若 | PA |?| PB | ≤，求a的取值范围．
10 英 语
题号：05
阅读理解
阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。
The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill, when she taught me in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey. ①
During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic jitterbug steps. ②
Aunt Myrtle also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. We had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I will never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.
③ A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, the Philadelphia edition of the Pittsburgh Courier, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist.” My column, begun at age fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities — and it did — but it also gave me the opportunities to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline (训练) of meeting deadlines, and, after college graduation six years later, a solid portfolio (代表作品选) of published material that was my passport to a series of writing jobs.
Today Aunt Myrtle, independently and through her organization (she is a founding member of The Links, Inc.), is still an enthusiastic booster (推动者) of culture and of her “favorite niece.” ④ As I told her theater club recently, she is “as brilliant and beautiful as a diamond.” And, like a diamond, she has reflected
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a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.
第一节 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D和E中选出最适合填入短文空白处的选项，并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. B. Now she is Mrs. Myrtle M. Stratton, retired and living in Haddonfield, New Jersey. C. A wholehearted teacher, Aunt Myrtle was always looking for ways to encourage me to read.
D. She reads widely, attends writers’ readings, persuades her clubs to support artists, and never lets me surrender to discouragement for very long.
E. She took me to the theater — not just children’s theater but adult comedies and dramas — and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.
第二节 根据短文所给的信息，用一个完整的句子回答下列问题，并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。
⑤ Why does the writer compare her aunt to a diamond? 题号：06
填空
阅读下面短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中单词的正确形式，并将序号及相应的答案写在答题纸上。
I will never forget the time I surprised everyone, even myself. When I was a college student in St. Paul, Minnesota, I was a ① of the speech team. One time our team, which consisted of about ten people, decided to participate in a city-wide competition. ② person on the team prepared his or her specialty; I chose two poems, memorized ③ , and prepared to deliver them with appropriate emotion in front of two or three judges. Another girl on our team, Barbara, memorized a part of a short story. Everyone on our team, ④ me and the coach, thought that Barbara had the best chance of winning first place. She impressed everyone as ⑤ experienced than I. Everyone thought that placing second or third was the best I could hope for. I vividly remember the day of the competition, which ⑥ (hold) at a university across town. When my scheduled time came, even though I was nervous, I did my best. When the judges announced the winners, the whole team held their breath. I ⑦_ (win) first place and Barbara had not placed at all! In a daze (迷迷糊糊), I went down to the stage, accepted the prize, and went back to my seat. I felt excited and happy but also a little embarrassed ⑧_ I didn’t know what I was going to say to Barbara.
Even though I was sorry for the awkwardness ⑨_ Barbara and me, I was proud of myself for winning. It gave me confidence in myself and motivated me to work harder. I also learned a valuable lesson from this incident. It taught me ⑩_ to depend so much on other people’s assessment of myself or others, that sometimes the people who seem unlikely to do something can and will do it. We can surprise everyone, even ourselves.
政 治
3
题号：07
经济学常识模块
受2010年上半年国内大白菜价格大涨的影响，下半年一些菜农以粗放经营的方式大面积种植普通大白菜。到了年底蔬菜市场风云突变，大白菜供过于求，大量积压，价格跳水，许多菜农无法收回生产成本，伤心不已。
（1）运用马克思的商品、货币理论，分析菜农无法收回生产成本的微观原因。（6分） （2）针对材料所反映的问题，指出我们应从哪些方面来完善社会主义市场经济体制?（4分） 题号：08
生活中的法律常识模块
小陈是某中学高三学生。某星期天上午，他骑自行车去体育馆打球，途经一建筑工地附近时，与一辆大卡车相撞，身体多处受伤，被送往医院救治。小陈住院期间，他的父母请假到医院轮流陪护。一个月后，小陈出院，经鉴定其伤势已构成九级伤残。交警部门认定，司机对这起交通事故负全部责任。经查，司机是该大卡车车主。小陈与司机因赔偿问题产生纠纷。于是，小陈向法院起诉。
(1)本案中，司机侵犯了小陈何种权利？司机应承担哪些法律责任？(4分)
(2)小陈的起诉是否属于法院受案范围？本案应由谁承担举证责任？请结合所学知识简要说明理由。(6分)
历 史
题号：09
历史上重大改革回眸（10分） 阅读材料，回答问题。 材料一：贵族的统治日益加强，到了公元前600年左右，已经变得令人不能忍受了。……在梭伦所进行的革命（改革）中，应当是损害债权人的财产以保护债务人的财产。债务简单地被宣布无效了。……旧时残酷剥削自己同胞的方法，已经弃而不用，如今主要是剥削奴隶和雅典以外的买主了。
——恩格斯《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》
材料二：（北魏孝文帝）诏曰：“置官班禄，行之尚矣；自中原丧乱，兹制中绝。朕宣章旧典，始班俸禄。……禄行之后，赃满一匹者死。”
——司马光《资治通鉴》
（北魏孝文帝改革后，一位南朝官员到洛阳后感慨地说：）“自晋宋以来，视洛阳为荒土，此中谓长江以北，尽是夷狄。昨至洛阳，始知衣冠士族，并在中原，礼仪富盛，人物殷阜”。
——杨衒之《洛阳迦蓝记》
（1）据材料一、二并结合所学知识，分别指出梭伦改革和北魏孝文帝改革实行的第一项重要措施及其作用。（4分）
（2）据材料一、二并结合所学知识，概要分析上述两次改革的客观原因的异同，并分别概括这两次改革主要的历史意义。（6分）
题号：10
世界文化遗产荟萃（10分） 阅读材料，回答问题：
材料一：世界遗产研究专家罗哲文说：“中国的世界遗产，是老祖宗和天公留下来的宝贵财富。我们只有热爱、保护它们的责任，没有漠视、破坏它们的半点理由。”
——《世界遗产在中国》
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材料二：2010年8月，登封“天地之中”历史建筑群申遗成功，少林寺作为重要的组成部分，成为世界文化遗产一分子。2011年4月，少林寺东侧大约200多米远的地方在打着地基，少林寺甘露台西侧距离少林寺不足100米的地方建起了大棚。游客王先生不解地问：“不是说申遗成功之后不让随便搞建设吗？怎么就大兴土木了呢？”
——综合报刊报道
（1）如何理解材料一所说中国的世界遗产是“老祖宗和天公留下来的宝贵财富”？（5分） （2）联系材料一、二，从世界遗产的保护原则出发，分析游客王先生的疑问。（5分）
地 理
题号：11
“城乡规划”模块（10分）
通勤是居民以1日为周期往返于居住地与工作地之间的出行，是由居民居住地与工作地空间分离产生的。若按方向划分，通勤可分为向心通勤（早晨朝向CBD的通勤）和离心通勤（早晨背离CBD的通勤）。图1、图2分别是某城市居民早晨通勤方向和居民全天通勤时间分布图（箭头表示通勤方向，箭头粗细表示通勤量大小）。据此完成（1）～（3）题。
数 人 N （万人） 50 40 CBD 30 20 10 时间（时） 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 图1 居民早晨通勤空间分布图 图2 居民全天通勤时间分布图
（1）图1中，下列有关通勤描述错误的是 （2分） ．．
A．工作岗位主要分布在CBD及其附近
B．傍晚以向心通勤为主
C．城市北部居住人数相对较多，工作岗位相对较少 D．城市西部工作岗位相对较多，居住人数相对较少 （2）简述该城市居民全天通勤时间分布特征。（4分） （3）你认为如何减少该城市东西向的通勤量？（4分）
题号：12
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