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直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：
直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。 Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 二、直接引语 陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1、 人称的变化
He said , “I like it very much.”
→He said that he liked it very much. (I改为he, it不变) He said, “You told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)
He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.
→He told me that she had left her book in my room. （She’s→she had， her不变，your→my）
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的
人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 2、 时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般时和过去时 一般将来时 一般将来进行时 一般将来完成时 He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.” →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday. He said, “I'm using the knife.” →He said that he was using the knife. She said, “I have not heard from him since May.” →She said that she had not heard from him since May. He said，“I came to help you.” 过去将来完成时 过去将来进行时 过去将来时 直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 间接引语 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) →He said that he had come to help me.
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper. Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”
→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class. He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”
→He said that he should be doing his homework then. He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.” →He said that they should have finished the work by that time. 注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ” →The teacher said that the earth is round. He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.” →He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. （2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, “I finished the work. He says that he finished the work. He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” He will say he has watered the flowers. 3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化