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[基础知识·夯实]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语注释及首字母提示写出下列单词的正确形式。

1. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I ________ (破坏) each of my toys. 2. They were ________ (震惊) by the news that ten people were killed in the accident. 3. After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were ________ (埋头于) under piles of law books.

4. Perhaps I have not e______ myself very well.

5. My English teacher's humor was such as to make every student b______ into laughter. 答案：1. destroyed 2. shocked 3. buried 4. expressed 5. burst Ⅱ. 选词填空

bury oneself in; give out; burst into; right away; dig out 1. Hearing the news, she ________tears.

2. If war breaks out, we shall be called up________.

3. She ________her book; she did not notice what had happened. 4. He has refused to________any information on the matter. 5. The treasure________of the earth was a box of gold coins.

答案：1. burst into 2. right away 3. buried herself in 4. give out 5. dug out Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1. You will ________(毁坏) your chances of getting a pay rise if you don't work harder than others.

答案：ruin

解析：ruin可用于引申含义，意为“毁坏”，此时其宾语通常是health, fame, chance等。 2. The audience waited until the curtain rose and then______ ______(burst) laughter at the sight of the funny actor.

答案：burst into

解析：句意：观众们一直等到幕布拉起，然后一看到那个滑稽的演员，大家都突然大笑起来。burst into laughter＝burst out laughing“突然大笑起来”。

3. －Mary's always________(bury) in reading and studying. －No wonder she always got the first place in any examination. 答案：buried

解析：句意：“玛丽整天埋头于学习和读书中。”“难怪她每次考试都得第一名。”be buried in“埋头于；专心于”。

4. ________(judge) to be the best student, Lucy received a scholarship, which made her

parents very delighted and satisfied.

答案：Judged

解析：句意：被认为是最好的学生，露西获得了奖学金，这使父母非常高兴和满意。judge与主语Lucy之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。

5. The car was not seriously________(毁坏) in the accident and it won't cost much to get it repaired.

答案：damaged

解析：damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果；根据后面的“it won't cost much to get it repaired.”可知损害是可以修复的，故该用damaged。

6. Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ________ ________(end) as a manager.

答案：ended up

解析：句意：他进入公司时只是一个小职员，后来晋升很快，最终当上了经理。本题考查动词短语辨析。“end up as＋职位/职业”表示“最终做了某职位或职业”。

7．Keep ourselves and our heart open________ ________we can experience the great joy that friendship can bring.

答案：so that

解析：考查状语从句的连接词。句意：只要我们敞开心扉，就能体验到友谊带来的无穷乐趣。后句是前句的结果，因此应用连词so that。

8．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with________. 答案：everything/all

解析：考查部分否定。句意：我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。not...everything/all表示部分否定。

9. ______ ______ ______ ______(deal) money has been received by________ ________ ________(many) people who suffered from the floods.

答案：A great deal of; a great/good many

解析：句意：因为洪水而受罪的人们已经收到了大量救济钱款。a good/great many修饰复数名词，a great deal of修饰不可数名词。

10. －I had been worried about English before the final exam, but I got an A! －________！(恭喜你) 答案：Congratulations

解析：考查交际用语。Congratulations！(祝贺用语)恭喜你，祝贺你！

[实战能力·提升]

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

[2014·百校联盟冲刺卷]

I was living in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is a huge city, with more people living in it than in my whole country (Hungary，which has a population of 10 million). We rented a flat in a community, but there was a shanty town(贫民区)quite near.

For several months I didn't have a car, so three times a week, I used public transportation to go to the city centre.During these trips, I would ride with the people who took the same bus from the shanty town to go to work.

When I got on the bus, all the seats were already taken.But when people saw that my bag was heavy (full of books), they offered to hold it on their lap to make me feel lighter. At first, I was shocked. Then I realized that these people had absolutely no intention to steal from me: they only wanted to help.

Once, on my way back, I had to wait for a long time at a bus stop. I was alone, except for a woman who was apparently very poor. She carried a small paper bag of popcorn and nothing else.

While we were waiting, she walked over and offered me some popcorn. I thanked her, but didn't want to help myself to it. She then repeatedly insisted that I take from what was evidently her only food.

That was the first time I thought about how people who have almost nothing, are sometimes able to share what they have much more “easily” than those who own a lot.I wonder if it's true that the more you have, the bigger the burden is，and the more difficult to share anything with others.

I was so moved by that woman's simple generosity that day. I clearly had more than she did, but she naturally and joyfully shared what she had with me nevertheless.

1．Where did the author live? A. In Hungary.

B. In the centre of Sao Paulo. C. In a shanty town of Sao Paulo. D. In a community near to a shanty town.

2．Why the author were shocked when people offered to help carry his heavy bag at first? A. Because they would borrow his important books. B. Because he hadn't met this kind of things. C. Because they weren't familiar with him D. Because he thought they would steal his books.

3．What happened at the bus stop on the author's way home? A. A poor woman ate popcorn without inviting him. B. A poor woman insisted on sharing her popcorn with him. C. He offered a poor woman some popcorn to eat.

D. He provided his books to a poor woman to read. 4．From the passage，we know that________.

A．sharing things with rich people brings opportunities to earn money B．people who have almost nothing must be the most generous people

C．sharing things with other people doesn't depend on whether you are rich or poor D．people who own a lot must be the most generous people

[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在巴西的圣保罗生活时，遇见的那些善良的人和那些感人的事情。

1．D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“I was living in Sao Paulo, Brazil.”和“We rented a flat in a community, but there was a shanty town(贫民区)quite near.”可知，作者居住在巴西圣保罗的一个社区，但离一个贫民区很近。

2．D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Then I realized that these people had absolutely no intention to steal from me：they only wanted to help.”我意识到这些人完全没有要偷我的东西的意图，他们只是想帮助我。可知，作者刚开始感到震惊是因为他误解了这些人，以为他们要偷他的书。

3．B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中的“She then repeatedly insisted that I take from what was evidently her only food.”可知答案选B项。

4．C。推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后两段可知，与别人分享东西，与贫富无关。故选C项。

B

[2013·辽宁高考]

“Indeed，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug (荧火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.

Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is，“to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”

5．We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________. A. Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug B. George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug

C. the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century D. both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century 6．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Explanation. C. Origin.

B. Finding. D. Fault.

7．The passage is mainly concerned with ________. A. the misunderstanding of the word bug B. the development of the word bug C. the public views of the word bug D. the special characteristics of the word bug

[文章大意]'本文为说明文，题材为社会文化，主要介绍了bug这一单词词义的发展过程。 5．D。细节理解题。根据第一段可知在18世纪前美国人和英国人都使用bug这一单词，故选D项。

6．D。词义猜测题。根据下文“In 1878 he explained bugs...to overcome in developing a successful product”可推断flaw的意思可能是“缺陷，毛病，问题”，故选D。explanation解释；finding调查发现；origin起源，由来。

7．B。推理判断题。通读全文可知。 Ⅴ. 短文改错 Dear Li Lei，

I am writing to provide my sincere congratulations on your graduation from senior high school and enrollment by the Peking University. I know you worked very hard in the past years, so I am truly happy to see that all your effort get rewards. I am sure your parents are great proud of you.I just want you to know how pleasing I am to witness your success. Being admitted by Peking University is a new start for you, who will bring you a good chance to learn of top professors. However, it's good for you to study with such many excellent students who of course will give you motivations to study hard. I wish you a greater success in university and live a happy and fruitful life in the next four years.

Sincerely Yours，

Han Meimei

答案： Dear Li Lei，

I am writing to provide my sincere congratulations on your graduation from senior high

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school and enrollment by the Peking University. I know you ∧ worked very hard in the

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past years, so I am truly happy to see that all your effort get rewards. I am sure your parents

getsare great proud of you. I just want you to know how pleasing I am to witness your

greatlypleasedsuccess. Being admitted by Peking University is a new start for you, who will bring you a

which

good chance to learn of top professors. However， it's good for you to study with such

fromBesidessomany excellent students who of course will give you motivations to study hard. I wish you a greater success in university and live a happy and fruitful life in the next four years.

Sincerely Yours，

Han Meimei