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摘 要

万向传动装置是汽车传动系中的重要总成，它直接与变速器和驱动桥相联系，用来实现对传动系的动力传递。课题研究对象是后轮驱动广泛应用的十字轴式万向传动装置，主要零件包括传动轴、万向节、支撑装置等，这些关键零部件的设计对整个万向传动装置性能具有很大的影响。

本文主要是对汽车的十字轴式万向传动装置进行设计。根据车辆使用条件和车辆参数，按照传动系统的设计步骤和要求，主要进行了以下工作：选择相关设计参数主要为：十字轴、万向节、传动轴、中间支承的参数确定，并进行了总成设计主要为：十字轴的设计，万向节的设计、传动轴的设计以及中间支承的设计等。并通过有限元ANSYS软件对设计万向传动装置进行结构分析，根据分析结果对万向传动装置进行改进优化设计并得出合理的设计方案。在传动轴的设计中采用有限元技术研究这些关键零部件的静力学特性，对其结构进行优化设计，可以大大缩短万向传动装置总成开发周期、降低开发费用，提高设计质量，保证其设计的精确性。

关键词：万向传动装置；十字轴；万向节；传动轴；有限元分析；优化设计

ABSTRACT

Universal transmission is important in automobile transmission assembly, which directly linked to transmission and drive axle, used to achieve the transfer of the power transmission system. Research object is widely used in rear-wheel drive transmission cross shaft universal, the main parts including drive shafts, universal joints, support devices, the design of these key components for the universal transmission has a great influence on the performance .

This article mainly is carries on the design to the automobile cross shaft type rotary transmission device. According to vehicles exploitation conditions and vehicles parameter, according to transmission system design procedure and request, Mainly has carried on following work: Mainly has carried on following work choice correlation design variable mainly is: Cross axle, universal joint, drive shaft, middle supporting parameter determination, and has carried on the unit design mainly is: Cross axle design, universal joint design, drive shaft design as well as middle supporting design and so on. And to designs the rotary transmission device through the finite element ANSYS software to carry on the structure analysis, Carries on the improvement design according to the analysis result to the rotary transmission device to obtain the reasonable design proposal. The propeller shaft of the design used in technical research on these crucial component element of statics. in its structural design and optimize can greatly shorten the automobile universal transmission device always into the development cycle and reduce the development costs and improve the quality of design to ensure the accuracy of its design.

Key word: Universal Transmission Device; Cross Axle; Universal Joint; Drive Shaft; Finite Element Analysis; Optimization Design

目 录

摘要 ............................................................................ Ⅰ Abstract ................................................................ Ⅱ 第1章 绪论 .................................................................... 1

1.1课题研究的目的意义 ................................................. 1 1.2课题的国内外研究现状 ............................................... 1 1.3设计的主要内容与技术路线 ........................................... 2

第2章 万向传动装置结构方案确定 ......................................... 4

2.1设计已知参数 ....................................................... 4 2.2万向传动的运动和受力分析 ........................................... 4

2.2.1单十字轴万向节传动 ................................................ 4 2.2.2双十字轴万向节传动 ................................................ 6 2.2.3多十字轴万向节传动 ................................................ 7 2.3结构方案的确定 ..................................................... 7

2.3.1万向节与传动轴的结构型式 .......................................... 7 2.3.2传动轴管、伸缩花键及中间支承结构方案分析 ....................... 8 2.3.3万向节类型分析 ................................................... 10 2.4本章小结 .......................................................... 14

第3章 万向传动装置设计 .................................................. 15

3.1万向节传动的计算载荷 ................................................... 15

3.1.1按发动机最大转矩和一档传动比来计算 ............................ 15 3.1.2按驱动轮打滑来计算 .............................................. 15 3.2 万向传动轴的计算载荷 .................................................. 16

3.2.1初选十字轴万向节尺寸 ............................................ 16 3.2.2十字轴万向节设计与校核 .......................................... 18 3.3 滚针轴承设计 ........................................................... 19

3.3.1滚针轴承初选尺寸 ................................................. 19