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哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 基于Matlab的锁相环设计

摘 要

随着现代集成电路技术的发展，锁相环已经成为集成电路设计中非常重要的一个部分，所以对锁相环的研究具有积极的现实意义。锁相环电路是一种输出信号在频率和相位上能够与输入参考信号同步的电路，锁相环由于其具有一系列独特的优良性能，它已经成为通信、雷达、导航、电子仪器仪表等设备中不可缺少的一部分。所以这些年来锁相环的设计与研究工作也越来越受到人们的重视，人们开始利用人工计算或计算机软件来分析锁相环的性能。

在研究大量资料的基础之上，先对锁相系统的基本工作原理进行了分析，以传统模拟锁相环的结构为基础，分析了锁相环的数学模型，详细描述了锁相环的整体电路以及鉴相器、环路滤波器、压控振荡器等电路模块。并以此为出发点对锁相环的锁定性能、及稳定性能、等各种性能进行了分析。

在分析和设计的同时，也采用Matlab软件对锁相环电路进行了仿真。首先分析了一阶锁相环和二阶锁相环的锁定性能，并进行了比较。其次分析了阻尼系数?对环路稳定性能的影响。最后介绍了锁相环的调制作用。从锁相环的仿真结果可知，我们的理论研究结果和实验结果相符，锁相环电路达到了设计指标要求。

关键词 锁相环； Matlab；仿真

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哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 Phase-Locked Loop Design Based on Matlab

Abstract

With the development of modern integrated circuit technology, phase locked loop has become a significant component of integrated circuit, which makes the research of phase-locked loop valuable. Phase-locked loop is a kind of circuit that an output signal in the frequency and phase reference signal can be synchronized with the input. Because of a series of uniquely excellent performances, it is becoming an indispensable part of the equipments such as communication, radar, airmanship, electronic instrument etc. People realize the importance of the design and study of PLL , they come to use artificially calculation or software to analyze the property of PLL.

After a deep study of the materials about PLL, this thesis starts with the analysis of the fundamental principles of a phase-locked system , then we build the mathematical model based on the traditional of the PLL, describes the overall PLL circuit and phase detector, loop filter, VCO circuit module, etc, and afterwards investigate some of its characters such as locking performance and stability.

In the analysis and design, but also we conducted a phase locked loop circuit simulation by Matlab software. First of all, we analyzed the first-order phase lock loop and a second order phase-locked loop lock performance, and on the basis of the comparison. Secondly we analyzed the damping how to stability of the loop. Finally we introduced the modulation of the phase locked loop. From the simulation results, we know that the theory conclusions and the simulation results fit well phase-locked loop circuit to the design requirements.

Keywords PLL, simulation, Matlab

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哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 目 录

摘要…… .............................................................................................................. I Abstract ............................................................................................................... II 第1章 绪论 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题背景及研究意义 ............................................................................... 1 1.2 发展历程 ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 国内外发展现状 ....................................................................................... 3 1.4 锁相环的应用 ........................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 频率合成 ............................................................................................ 5 1.4.2 时钟产生器 ........................................................................................ 5 1.4.3 时钟恢复电路 .................................................................................... 5 1.4.4 偏移减小 ............................................................................................ 6 1.5 本文的章节安排及主要内容 ................................................................... 6 第2章 锁相环理论 ............................................................................................ 7 2.1 基本理论 ................................................................................................... 7 2.2 基本模块 ................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 鉴相器 ................................................................................................ 8 2.2.2 环路滤波器 ...................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 压控振荡器 ...................................................................................... 11 2.3 环路的相位模型及基本方程 ................................................................. 12 2.4 环路性能 ................................................................................................. 12 2.4.1 线性化相位模型和传递函数 .......................................................... 13 2.4.2 锁定状态下锁相环的动态特性 ...................................................... 14 2.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 16 第3章 锁相环仿真 .......................................................................................... 17 3.1 Matlab软件介绍 ...................................................................................... 17 3.2 锁定性能 ................................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 一阶锁相环 ...................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 二阶锁相环 ...................................................................................... 19 3.2.3 一阶锁相环与二阶锁相环比较 ...................................................... 21 3.3 环路性能 ................................................................................................. 21 3.3.1 鉴相器的输出 .................................................................................. 22 3.3.2 低通滤波器的输出 .......................................................................... 23 3.3.3 压控振荡器的输出 .......................................................................... 24 3.4 稳定性能 ................................................................................................. 25 3.5 调制作用 ................................................................................................. 27 3.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 28

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