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专题二《阅读理解说明类专练》

考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx

学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

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第1卷

评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解

1、 Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.

Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.” Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.

Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue

those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.” 1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day? A.To remember the birth of jazz. B.To protect cultural diversity.

C.To encourage people to study music. D.To recognize the value of jazz.

2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Jazz becoming more accessible.

B.The production of jazz growing faster. C.Jazz being less popular with the young. D.The jazz audience becoming larger.

3.hat can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A.It will disappear gradually. B.It remains black and white.

C.It should keep up with the times. D.It changes every 50 years.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Exploring the Future of Jazz. B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz. C.The Story of a Jazz Musician. D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.

2、 A buld-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.

1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A.It's delicate. B.It's expensive. C.It's complex. D.It's portable.

2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.The tube. B.The still. C.The hole. D.The cup.

3.What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A.Dig a hole of a certain size. B.Put the cup in place.

C.Weight the sheet's center down.

D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.

4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form . A.the plastic tube B.outside the hole C.the open air

D.beneath the sheet

3、 Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more,was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.

The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.

But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride,immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.

That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.

The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.

Making things worse are state laws that makeit too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering

kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing apaper saying they personally object to a vaccine.

Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.

Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough.Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll existonly as long as everyone shares in the risks.

1.The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.

A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D.information about measles spreads quickly 2.Herd immunity works well when ____________. A.exemptions are allowed

B.several vaccines are used together C.the whole neighborhood is involved in

D.new regulations are added to the state laws

3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A.The overuse of vaccine. B.The lack of medical care.

C.The features of measles itself.

D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To introduce the idea of exemption. B.To discuss methods to cure measles.

C.To stress the importance of vaccination.

D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

4、 Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.

In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all—whether rich or poor, clever or stupid—one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees refuse to do what they think to be “low” work, and, in fact, working with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do

whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society. 1.According to the passage, the purpose of education is . A.to build a perfect world

B.to choose a system of education

C.to let everyone receive education fit for him D.to prepare children mainly for their future work

2.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.It’s hard for university graduates to find jobs. B.No one would like to do work with hands.

C.Education is not enough to build a perfect nation. D.University graduates are ashamed of their work.

3.In the writer’s opinion, . A.all the social problems can’t be solved by education B.free education for all probably leads to a perfect world C.free education won’t help to solve social problems D.education can settle all of the world’s problems 评卷人 得分 二、语法填空

5、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ① a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side ② (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ③ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt ④ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As ⑤ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even ⑥ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ⑦ (be) full of fat and salt; by ⑧ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be ⑨ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ⑩ is not good for the health.

6、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。