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小学英语语法积累
一、词汇 ____________________________________________________________ 3
(1)单复数变形方面 ______________________________________________________ 3 (2)词汇分类 ____________________________________________________________ 3 (3)动词 ________________________________________________________________ 3 (4)名词 ________________________________________________________________ 4 (5)形容词(包括副词) __________________________________________________ 5 (6)人称代词和物主代词 _________________________________________________ 10 (7)数量词 _____________________________________________________________ 11 (8)冠词 _______________________________________________________________ 11
二、句型时态 _______________________________________________________ 21
(1)一般现在时 _________________________________________________________ 21 (2)现在进行时 _________________________________________________________ 22 (3)将来时:be going to(= will ) _____________________________________ 23 (4)一般过去时 _________________________________________________________ 23 (5)过去进行时 _________________________________________________________ 24 (6)过去完成时 _________________________________________________________ 25 (7)现在完成进行时 _____________________________________________________ 25
三、特殊句型 _______________________________________________________ 26
(1)Have、Has和There be结构差别 _____________________________________ 26 (2)否定句 _____________________________________________________________ 26 (3)一般疑问句 _________________________________________________________ 27 (4)特殊疑问句 _________________________________________________________ 27 (5)祈使句 _____________________________________________________________ 29
四、其他特殊语法 ___________________________________________________ 29
(1)介词at,in与on在时间方面的用法 ____________________________________ 29 (2)巧记形容词的排列顺序 _______________________________________________ 30 (3)形容词和副词的比较级 _______________________________________________ 30
小学英语语法积累 (4)学生易错词汇 _______________________________________________________ 31 (5)完全、缩略形式 _____________________________________________________ 31 (6)小学英语词汇不完全归类表 ___________________________________________ 31
1)学习用品:(school things): ___________________________________________________ 32 2)人体(body): ________________________________________________________________ 32 3)颜色(colours): ______________________________________________________________ 32 4)动物(animals): ______________________________________________________________ 32 5)人物(people): _______________________________________________________________ 32 6)职业(jobs): _________________________________________________________________ 32 7)食品,饮料(food & drink): _____________________________________________________ 32 8)水果,蔬菜(fruit & vegetables): _________________________________________________ 33 9)衣服(clothes): ______________________________________________________________ 33 10)交通工具(vehicles): ________________________________________________________ 33 11)杂物(other things): _________________________________________________________ 33 12)地点(locations): ____________________________________________________________ 33 13)课程(classes): _____________________________________________________________ 33 14)国家,城市(countries & cities): ________________________________________________ 33 15)气象(weather): ____________________________________________________________ 34 16)植物(plants): ______________________________________________________________ 34 17)星期(week): _______________________________________________________________ 34 18)月份(months): _____________________________________________________________ 34 19)季节(seasons): ____________________________________________________________ 34 20)方位(directions): ___________________________________________________________ 34 21)患病(illness): ______________________________________________________________ 34 22)数词(numbers): ____________________________________________________________ 34 23)形容词(adj.): ______________________________________________________________ 34 24)介词(prep.): _______________________________________________________________ 35 25)代词(pron.): _______________________________________________________________ 35 26)动词(v.): __________________________________________________________________ 35
编制日期:2011年3月5日
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小学英语语法积累
一、词汇
(1)单复数变形方面
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, 6.单复数同型 people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese (2)词汇分类
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道) (3)动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。 1)行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。 行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式: 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下: ↗有,就加ing
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词 (若是be going to 就用原形) ↘没有,再看情态动词 ↗有,就用原形 ↗有,就加ed
↘没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语 ↗是第三人称单数就加s或es ↘没有,再看主语
↘不是第三人称单数就用原形 2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。 b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
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