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H+K+L 38 40 41 42 解 :因立方晶系的晶格常数公式为： a?2222Sinθ 0.9114 0.9563 0.9761 0.9980 2?24sin2?(h2?k2?l2)，对应上表4组数据分

别有a =： 0.4972； 0.4980； 0.4990； 0.4995 2

Sinθ: 0.9114 0.9563 0.9761 0.9980 2

Cosθ: 0.0886 0.0437 0.0239 0.002 以a – Cosθ作图

由图解外推法得:a=0.49955

46. 欲在应力仪（测角仪为立式）上分别测量圆柱形工件之轴向、径向及切向应力工件各应

如何放置？假定测角仪为卧式，今要测定一个圆柱形零件的轴向及切向应力，问试样应该如何放置？

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答：当测角仪为立式式，可以使用同倾法中的固定Ψ法中的法0-45来测应力，此时测量方

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向平面与扫描平面重合。测工件轴向应力时使圆柱侧面垂直于入射线（此时Ψ＝0),然后再

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使样品在测量方向平面内转动45（此时Ψ＝45）；测径向应力时，应使样品底面垂直于入

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射线（此时Ψ＝0)，再使样品在测量方向平面内转动45（此时Ψ＝45）；测量切向应力时，应使工件切应力方向垂直于入射线，即使入射线垂直于切向于轴向所形成的平面（此时Ψ＝ooo0)，再使样品在测量方向平面内转动45（此时Ψ＝45）。

当测角仪为卧式时，可用侧倾法来测应力，此时即扫描平面（衍射平面）垂直于测量方向平面，当测工件轴向应力时，使工件位于轴向与径向所构成的平面内，侧面垂直于径向，扫描平面位于径向与切向所构成的平面内。测工件切向应力时，使工件轴向垂直于测角仪，测量时转动一定角度即可。

（英文版 ）

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