ݷʱ : 2024/12/26 2:52:31һ µȫĶ
(6)ƽⳣıƽǷƶƽƶƽⳣǷı䣿
?(7)?rGm?0ķӦǷκӦԷУ ?(8)?rGm0ǷζŷӦһƽ̬
(1)ƽŨȲʱı仯淴ӦʼŨȱ仯¶ȵı仯仯 (2) (3)й
(4)ƽⳣеλƽⳣλֵһ(Ҫ) (5)R8.314Jmol-1K-1
(6)ƽⳣı䣬ƽλƶƽλƶƽⳣһı䡣 (7)ı¶ȡѹȷӦʹ?G?0ӦԷС (8)һӦڱ״̬½Уſжϴƽ̬ 21.дзӦƽⳣʽ (1)Zn(s)2H+(aq)(2)AgCl(s)2NH3(aq)(3)CH4(g)2O2(g)(4)HgI2(s)2I-(aq)(5)H2S(aq)4H2O2(aq)(1)K??Zn2+(aq)H2(g)
[Ag(NH3)2]+(aq)Cl(aq) CO2(g)2H2O(l) [HgI4]2(aq)
2H+(aq)SO42(aq)4H2O(l)
(2)K???{c[Ag(NH3)2]/c?}[c(Cl?)/c?]?
?
?
[c(Zn2+)/c?][pH2/p?][c(H+)/c?]2[c(NH3)/c?]2
(3)K??(pCO2/p?)(pCH4/p?)?(pO2????2?[c(SO2{c([HgI2])/c?}?4)/c][c(H)/c]4 (4)K? (5)K? [c(H2S)/c?][c(H2O2)/c?]4/p?)2[c(I?)/c?]2?22. 373KʱֽⷴӦCOCl2(g)108.6kJmol-1
?CO(g)Cl2(g)ƽⳣK?8.010-9?rHm(1)373K·ӦƽѹΪ202.6kPaʱCOCl2Ľȣ
?(2)Ӧ?rSm
(1)Ϊx
COCl2(g)
CO(g)Cl2(g) n
1 1 1 1
ƽʱ 1-x x x x
p(COCl2)?p(CO)?p(Cl2)?1?x1?xp??2.026?105Pa 1?x1?xxx?p??2.026?105Pa 1?x1?xx2.026?1052(?)[p(CO)/p?][p(Cl2)/p?]1?x1.013?10510-3% K???8.0?10?9 x=6.3?5p(COCl2)/p1?x2.026?10?1?x1.013?105???RTlnK???8.314?373?ln(8.0?10?9)?57.8?103J?mol?1 (2)?rGm???rHm??rGm(108.6?57.8)?103?rSm???136.2J?mol?1?K?1
T373?23ݼ373KʱCOCH3OHϳɴıƽⳣ
??fHm/ (kJmol-1) ?/( Jmol-1K-1) SmCO(g) 110.525 197.674 CH3OH(g) 200.66 239.81 CH3COOH(g) 434.84 282.61 ??rHm??(?110.525)?(?200.66)?(?434.84)??123.655kJ?mol?1
??rSm??197.674?239.81?282.61??154.874J?mol?1?K?1
???rHm?rSm?123.655?103?154.847lnK???????21.25
RTR8.314?3738.314?373KʱƽⳣΪK?=1.69109 24.ӦCaCO3(s)1037Kﵽƽʱ
p(CO2)?K??p??1.16?1.013?105?1.175?105Pa
CaO(s)CO2(g)1037KʱƽⳣK?1.161.0molCaCO310.0L
м1037KʴƽʱCaCO3ķֽǶ٣
pV1.175?105?10?10?3n(CO2)???0.136mol
RT8.314?1.37CaCO3ֽΪ??0.135?100%?13.5% 1.025.523K101.325kPa£PCl5зֽⷴӦ
PCl5(g)
PCl3(g)Cl2(g)
?ƽʱûܶΪ2.695gL-1ԼPCl5(g)ĽȼӦK??rGm
(1)ɹʽɵûƽΪM?Ϊx PCl5(g)
?RTP?2.695?8.314?523?115.68g?mol?1
101.3PCl3(g)Cl2(g)
ƽ⣺ 1-x x x ƽΪM?1?xx?208.47??(71?137.47) M=115.68 x=0.80 1?x1?x2?0.80????101.325/100??p(PCl)/p)p(Cl)/p)32?1?0.80??1.80 (2)K?????1?0.80?p(PCl5)/p)?101.325/100???1?0.80??????????RTlnK???8.314?523?ln1.80?2.56?103J?mol?1 (3)?rGm26.323K101.3kPaʱN2O4(g)ķֽΪ50.0%ʵ¶ȱֲ䣬ѹΪ1013kPaʱN2O4(g)ķֽΪ٣
ֽΪx N2O4
2NO2 n()
2 1x 2x 1+ x
?2xp?????2?p(NO2)/p)?1?xp? ?K???1?xp?p(N2O4)/p?)?????1?xp??????2x1013??2?0.500101.31???????1?x100?1?0.500100??????¶һK1?K2ݣ x=0.18 1?x10131?0.500101.3??1?x1001?0.5001002227.֪298KʱıĦɼ˹ֱΪ ?/ (kJmol-1) ?fGmNiSO46H2O(s) 2221.7 NiSO4(s) 773.6 H2O(g) 228.4 (1)㷴ӦNiSO46H2O(s)
NiSO4(s)6H2O(g)298KʱıƽⳣK?
(2)298KʱˮڹNiSO46H2Oϵƽѹ
?(1)?rGm??(?2221.7)?(?773.6)?6?(?228.4)?77.7kJ?mol?1
??rGmRTK??e6??e?77.7?1038.314?298?2.40?10?14
?p(H2O)?6??(2)K??? p(H2O)?Kp?0.537kPa ??p??28.һ¶Ⱥѹǿ£1LPCl5(g)ķֽΪ50%ıPCl5(g)ķֽα仯
(1)Сѹǿʹ1
(2)䣬뵪ʹϵͳѹǿ1 (3)ϵͳѹǿ䣬뵪ʹ1 (4)䣬ʹϵͳѹǿ1 (1) (2) (3) (4)С 29.˵Ƿȷ˵ɡ
(1)ijӦʳĵλmol-1Ls-1÷ӦһӦ (2)ѧѧоӦĿȡ (3)ܴķӦʳ¶ȵӰ
(4)ӦеĶٲ˷ӦʣڶٲǰķӦڶٲķӦԷӦʶӰ졣
(5)Ӧʳ¶ȵĺҲŨȵĺ (1)÷ӦǶӦ
(2)ѧֻоӦĿѧоӦȣ (3)ԣΪ¶һʱlnkEaȣ
(4)ٲǰķӦԷӦӰ죬ٲķӦԷӦʲûӰ죻 (5)ʳֻ¶ȵĺŨء
30.¶ȲͬӦʼŨͬʱͬһӦʼǷͬʳǷͬӦǷͬǷͬ
ʼʲͬʳͬӦͬͬ(ϸ˵¶й)
31.¶ͬӦʼŨȲͬʱͬһӦʼǷͬʳǷͬӦǷͬǷͬ
ʼʲͬʳͬӦͬͬ 32..һַӦŨأһַӦİ˥Ũأ 0ӦŨأ1Ӧİ˥Ũء
33.ʱNO2ֽΪNOO2592Kʳ4.9810-1L?mol-1s-1656KֵΪ4.74 Lmol-1s-1÷ӦĻܡ
ݴ빫ʽlnk2Ea?T2?T1???? k1R?T1T2?ln3E4.74656?592 ?a?0.4988.314656?592?1 Ea?113.67?10J?molֵ2
34.ijӦĻΪ117.15 kJmol-1ʲô¶ʱӦʳkֵ400Kʱʳ ¶ΪTʱʳkֵ400Kʱʳ2 ݴ빫ʽlnk2Ea?T2?T1???? k1R?T1T2?117.15?103T?400ln2??
8.314400T T?408K
35.ij¶ʱӦ2NO2H2?N22H2OĻΪ (1) NONO?N2O2 () (2) N2O2 H2?N2OH2O () (3) N2OH2?N2H2O () ȷܷӦʷ̡
ܵӦv=k2c(N2O2)c(H2)
(2)ΪӦ(1)ΪƽⷴӦ c(N2O2)=Kc(NO)2 ܷӦʷΪv=k2 Kc2 (NO)c(H2)=kc2(NO) c(H2) 36.ӦH2PO2- OH
?HPO32-H2373Kʱйʵ£ c(OH-)/(molL-1) 1.0 1.0 4.0 ʼŨ c(H2PO2-)/(molL-1) 0.10 0.50 0.50 ?dc(H2PO2?) / (molL-1min-1) dt3.210-5 1.610-4 2.5610-3 (1)÷Ӧļдʷ̣ (2)㷴Ӧ¶µʳ
(1)c(H2PO2)㶨Ϊ0.50 molmolL1c(OH)1.0molL1Ϊ4.0 molL1Ӧٶ16
ʷӦOHΪ2Ӧ֪ͬӦH2PO2Ϊ1ӦӦΪӦӦʷΪv=kc(H2PO2)c2(OH)
(2)k=
v3.2?10?5??3.2?10?4mol-2L2min-1 -2-2c(H2PO2)c(OH)0.10?1.037.ԪӦA?2BӦĻΪEa()淴ӦĻΪEa() (1)淴ӦĻα仯 (2)Ĵͬܵı仯Ƿͬ (3)ı䷴ӦijʼŨȣ淴ӦĻα仯 (4)߷Ӧ¶ȣ淴ӦĻα仯 (1)С(2)ͬ(3)䣻(4)䡣 38.жȷ (1)ӦǷӦ
(2)жಽԪӦĸӷӦʵʽʱԪӦıȣ (3)ܴķӦһȻСķӦ (4)ʳķӦһʳСķӦ죻