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设计说明

本次毕业实习的地点是在中平能化集团河南京宝焦化有限公司，具体工作岗位是工艺技术部粗苯蒸馏工段。经过近两个月的岗位工作，作者对焦化厂粗苯回收工艺流程有了一定程度的了解和掌握，所以将毕业设计题目定为：15000 m3/h 焦炉煤气中粗苯的回收工艺设计。

粗苯回收工艺主要分终冷洗苯和粗苯蒸馏两个过程，根据河南京宝焦化有限公司的粗苯回收工艺流程以及自己对粗苯回收相关内容的一些了解，本设计采用的是常压填料吸收塔进行焦炉煤气中粗苯的吸收，用管式炉加热富油生产一种苯的方法进行粗苯的蒸馏。主要流程为焦炉煤气首先自上而下经过横管式终冷塔，在此依次用32°C的循环水和18°C的低温水除去煤气中的萘，然后煤气自下而上进入洗苯塔，塔顶向下喷洒27°C左右的吸油，气、液逆向接触，使洗油充分吸收煤气中的粗苯而成为富油。富油送往管式加热炉预热到135°C，之后从第15层塔板处进入脱苯塔，在此富油被加热到180°C，粗苯蒸汽由塔顶采出，塔底则为贫油。然后粗苯蒸汽依次经过油气换热器和冷凝冷却器后成为液体进入粗苯储槽。洗苯塔操作压力0.1 MPa，填料塔高度 13 m，塔径为 2.2m，入塔煤气中粗苯含量25 g/m3 ～40 g/m3，出塔含量为4 g/m3以下。

本设计中的计算内容主要有吸收塔中气液相的物料衡算和管式炉加热脱苯工序的热量衡算，以及吸收塔设备的相关工艺计算。完成的图纸有带控制点的粗苯回收工艺流程图、物料衡算图和主设备洗苯塔和脱苯塔的剖面图。

关键词：焦炉煤气、粗苯回收、粗苯蒸馏、常压、洗苯塔、管式炉、

Design Notes

This is the place of graduation practice of the Group in Henan to Beijing Zhongping Bao Coking Co., Ltd., is a technology specific jobs distillation section in the Ministry of benzene. After nearly two months of post work, I have a coke plant crude benzene recovery process a degree of understanding and knowledge, so I put my graduate design topics as: 15000 m3 / h of coke oven gas in the crude benzene recovery process design. Crude benzene recovery process mainly consists of the final cold wash both benzene and benzene distillation process, according to King Po Coking Co, Ltd. Henan, crude benzene recovery of crude benzol recovery process and their relevant content on some idea, this design uses the atmospheric pressure packed absorption tower for absorption of benzene in coke oven gas with a tube furnace heated to produce a rich oil method of benzene benzene distillation. Operating pressure of 0.1, height of packed tower 13, tower diameter, the benzene content of the gas into the tower 25g/m3 ~ 40g/m3, the tower content 4g/m3 below.

Calculation of the design content of the main absorber in the gas phase of the material balance and the tube furnace heating process from benzene heat balance, and the calculation of the absorber device related technology. The drawings are done with the control point flow chart of crude benzene recovery, material balance chart and the main equipment wash benzene tower profile.

Key words: coke oven gas, crude benzene recovery, clumsy distillation, atmospheric pressure, benzene washing tower, tube furnace

目 录

设计说明 .............................................................I Design Notes ........................................................II 主要符号说明 .......................................................iii 引 言 ................................................................1 1设计总论 ............................................................2 1.1粗苯的组成和性质 ............................................... 2

1.1.1 粗苯的组成 ................................................. 2 1.1.2 粗苯的性质 ................................................. 3 1.2 回收苯族烃的方法 ............................................... 3 1.3 影响粗苯回收的因素 ............................................. 4 1.3.1 吸收温度 ................................................... 4 1.3.2 洗油的吸收能力及循环油量 ................................... 4 1.3.3 贫油含苯量 ................................................. 5 1.3.4 吸收表面积 ................................................. 6 1.3.5 煤气压力和流速 ............................................. 6 1.4 粗苯回收过程存在问题与改进措施 ................................. 7 1.4.1 存在问题 ................................................... 7 1.4.2 改进措施 ................................................... 7 2 设计方案的确定 .....................................................9 2.1生产条件及参数 ................................................. 9 2.2 工艺流程及工艺流程图 ........................................... 9 2.2.1 工艺流程 ................................................... 9 2.2.2 工艺流程图 ................................................ 11 3 物料衡算与热量衡算 ................................................13 3.1 物料衡算 ...................................................... 13 3.1.1 进塔焦炉煤气中各组分的含量 ................................ 13 3.1.2 进塔焦炉煤气中粗苯的摩尔组成 .............................. 13 3.1.3 气、液量计算 .............................................. 14 3.1.4 粗苯蒸馏工段物料横算 ...................................... 14 3.2 热量衡算 ...................................................... 18 3.2.1管式炉供给富油的热量Qm .................................... 18 3.2.2 管式炉供给蒸气的热量QV .................................... 19 3.2.3 管式炉加热面积 ............................................ 19 4 主要设备的工艺计算 ................................................20 4.1 吸收塔塔径计算 ................................................ 20