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① 一般在名词词尾加-s，如：car---cars; photo---photos; toy---toys; boy---boys

② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词，在词尾加--es，如：box---boxes; bus--buses ③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，如：baby--babies; family--families 4）以fe结尾，变fe为v再加es，如：knife--- knives （2）不规则变化

如：foot---feet; man---men; woman---women; snowman---snowmen; （3）集体名词：people, clothes, police, family

（4）成双出现的名词：shoes, pants(trousers), gloves, eyes, ears 九. 一词多义：An orange（桔子）is orange（橙色的）. Unit 2 Looking Different 【重点短语】

1. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.把某物给某人 Please give it to her. 2. look the same 长相相同

look different 长相不同，看起来不一样

3. look like 看起来像

He looks like his father. = He and his father look the same. 4. next to 在……旁边

The boy next to me is my good friend. 5. in +颜色 穿着……颜色的衣服

in +a/an +颜色+衣服 穿着……颜色的……

The boy in a yellow T-shirt and gray pants is my good friend.6. (1) both两者都（be动词之后，实义动词之前） They both have brown hair and black eyes. They are both office workers. (2)all 三者或三者以上都 They are all kind to me. 7. 数字+(形状、大小)+颜色+n. two big red apples She has short blond hair. 【重点句型】

1. Who is your favorite actor?

2. We are in the same school, but we are in different grades. 3. What do/does +主语+look like? ……长得怎么样？ ---What does he look like?

--- He is not very tall but very strong.

4. We don’t look the same, but we are good friends. We look the same, but we are in different clothes. 5. ---What color is/are +主语？---It’s/ They’re +颜色. ---What color is her hair? ---It’s blond. 6. This is my cap. = This cap is mine. Is this your cap? = Is this cap yours?

---Whose cap is this? = Whose is this cap? --- It’s Sally’s. ---Whose are these bananas? --- They’re their bananas/ theirs. 7. His pants are blue and mine are white.(mine=my pants) My T-shirt is green and his is brown.(his=his T-shirt) 8. I have small eyes, but he has big ones.（ones指代eyes）

My jacket is blue and white. That one is blue. （one指代jacket） 【重点语法】

1. 动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式

（1）主语是第三人称单数形式（he、she、it；单一的人；单一的名字；单一的事物），动词要用单三形式。实义动词变第三人称单数的规则： ① 一般情况直接加“s”，如：come---comes，meet---meets ② 动词以o，s，sh，ch, x结尾，加“es”，如：do--does; go--goes; teach--teaches

③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es, 如：study--studies, fly--flies, try--tries

④ 特殊情况：have--has （2）句型转换

① 当主语为第三人称单数：变否定句时，在动词前加doesn’t, 动词现原形；变一般疑问句时，在句首加does，动词现原形。

一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+does；否定回答：No, 人称代词+doesn’t.

如：She has small eyes.

---She doesn’t have small eyes. ---Does she have small eyes? ---Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.

② 当主语为第一、第二人称变否定句，在动词前加don’t，变一般疑问句，在句首加do，肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+do；否定回答：No，人称代词+don’t.

They have small eyes.

---They don’t have small eyes. --- Do they have small eyes? ---Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. 2. 表示所属关系

（1）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 形容词性物主代词 my your his her our their its 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers ours theirs its ? --Whose is this pen? Is it yours? ? --No, it’s not mine. My pen is blue. （2）名词所有格