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主语从句

概念引入

That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。 When the plane is to take off has not been announced . 飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。

观察上面四个句子可以看出，黑体词部分都有连接词连接，后面都是一个谓语动词，黑体词部分都是整个句子论述的主体部分，它们就是我们本单元要学习的主语从句。

语法讲解

什么是主语从句？ 【主语从句】

在复合句中由一个句子作主句的主语的从句叫主语从句。 What matters is not winning but participating. I don’t know why he is always finding fault with me. My hometown is no longer what it used to be ten years ago. He expressed his hope that he would come to Chengdu again. 其中划横线的部分就是名词性从句。 主语从句引导词：

1. 由what等代词引导的从句,表示“所……的(东西)”，实际上等于一个先行词加上一个定语从句，也可以由-ever等代词引导。 比如:

What they are talking about is nothing valuable. What I really want is to have a good rest. Whatever she did is wrong.

比较：Whatever she did, she is wrong. Whoever passes the exam can get 50 yuan.

比较：Whoever passes the exam, I will give him 50 yuan. 比较：Who passes the exam is still not clear.

2. 由that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语it来代替。 That he has disappeared worries his parents.

?It worries his parents that he has disappeared. It is not likely that he can win the lottery. It is a big surprise that he is still alive.

3. 由连接代词、连接副词或whether引导的从句。 When she will be back is still a question. Where they had put the files troubled the spy. Whether he will take part in the play is unclear. Whether or not he will go to Japan is up to her.

主语从句的连接词----详述

(1) 连词that、whether：

这两个词是从属连词，在从句中不作任何成分，that没有意思，只起标志和连接作用；whether意为“是否”。

That price will go up is certain. 价格会上升是肯定的了。

That the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder. 那个伤员还活着真是个奇迹。 That Mr. Zhou will come makes us excited. 周先生要来这个事使我们很激动。

Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. 我们乘火车或船没有什么不同。 Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他来不来这里还不清楚。 Whether we can go to picnic tomorrow is still a question. 我们明天是否去野餐还是个问题。

Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. 这项工作能否准时完成还难以预料。 (2) 连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which；whoever, whatever, whichever等

连接代词都有各自的意思，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语，一般表示疑问。 a. what的意思有两个：……的东西/事情等，什么。

b. whoever相当于anyone who；whatever相当于anything that。 What she did is not yet known. 她做了什么还不知道。

Who will write the poem has not been decided yet. 谁来写这首诗还没有定。 Who will go makes no difference. 谁去都一样。 Whatever he did is right. 他无论做什么都是对的。

Whoever breaks the rule should be punished. 无论谁违反规则都应该受惩罚。

Whom she loves is clear enough . 她爱的是谁已经够清楚了。

Whose wallet was stolen must be made clear.谁的钱包被偷了必须被搞清楚。

(2018 上海高考) What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life. 这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 （3) 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。

这些词有各自的意思，在句中充当状语，不能省略。

How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事如何发生的任何人都还不清楚。 When he will be back depends on the weather. 他什么时候回来取决于天气。 How the pyramids were built is still a mystery. 金字塔怎样建起来的还是个谜。 Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. 无论她说什么，都是不会对我们的安排有影响。

主语从句后置与形式主语it 主语从句后置：

为了避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻，经常用it作形式主语，把主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。例如：

1. That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.

→It is known to us all that the earth goes around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 2. That he knows nothing about it is strange.

→It is strange that he knows nothing about it. 奇怪这件事他什么也不知道。 3. When flood stuck the western areas wasn’t reported. →It wasn’t reported when flood stuck the western areas. 什么时候洪水袭击了西部地区没有报道。

4. Whether he can come or not depends on his parents.

→It depends on his parents whether he can come or not. 他来不来取决于他的父母亲。 5. That he didn’t attend the meeting surprised us.

→It surprised us that the he didn’t attend the meeting. 他没有参加会议使我们很吃惊。 6. Whether Class Five can defeat Class Four isn’t known yet.

→It isn’t known yet whether Class Five can defeat Class Four. 还不知道五班是否能打赢四班。

常用句型

1. It+系动词+形容词+that从句。

常用形容词：obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, unlikely, certain, probable, necessary, right, wrong, important, certain, clear, strange，etc. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 她考试能考好是肯定的了。 2. It +系动词+名词词组+that从句

常用名词词组：no wonder, no wonder, an honor , a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a shame, good news, a fact ,etc.

It’s no wonder that you have achieved so much success. 难怪你取得了这么多的成功。 It’s a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. 真可惜你没出席昨天的讲座。

(2018 江苏模拟) It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope． 通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人一切皆有可能。

3. It +be+过去分词 (said, told, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, heard, suggested，etc.)+that从句，意为“据……(说/报道/认为/预测/决定/通知/安排/听说/建议）。 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 4 .It +特殊不及物动词（seem, appear, happen等）+that从句 It seems that you are against the plan. 你似乎反对这个计划。 It happened to me that I had been away when you called. 碰巧你打电话时我不在。

5. It + doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。 It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 他来不来没有关系。

注意：在主语从句中用来表示 “惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此，要求，建议”等语 时，谓语动词用“should+ do”，should译成“竟然”或“应该”，should可以省略。 常用句型：

It’s necessary /important / strange /natural/+that sb. should do sth. It is a pity ( a shame, no wonder, etc.) that sb. should do sth.

It is suggested (requested, proposed提议，desired请求 ) that sb. should do sth. 学生上课认真听讲是很重要的。

It is important that the students should listen carefully in class.

It’s strange that he should have missed the train. 他竟然没有赶上火车，真奇怪。 It’s suggested that we (should) put on a short play at the party. 有人建议我们在晚会上演一个短剧。

主语从句需注意的问题 1.主语从句中用陈述语序。

2.主语从句的 “that”一般不能省。 3.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：