内容发布更新时间 : 2024/12/28 4:42:43星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8are a particularpeople originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.

1.[A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased 2.[A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare 3.[A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against 4.[A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately 5.[A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence 6.[A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk 7.[A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects 8.[A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question 9.[A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating 10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total

11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably 12.[A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers 13.[A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve 14.[A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile

1

15.[A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down 16.[A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing 17.[A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument 18.[A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined 19.[A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed 20.[A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least

one undesirable category. ―Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,‖ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responsesbecame equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased ―opportunities‖ for stress. ―It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,‖ says Dr. Yehuda. ―Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,‖ she observes, ―it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.‖

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. ―I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.‖ Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. ―I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.‖ Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. ―It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.‖ Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

2

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? [A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress. [B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men. [C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress. [D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress. 22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women . [A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress [B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress [C] are more capable of avoiding stress [D] are exposed to more stress

23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be . [A] domestic and temporary [B] irregular and violent [C] durable and frequent [D] trivial and random

24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that . [A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money [B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses [C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs [D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out? [B] Response to Stress: Gender Difference [C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say? [D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

Text 2

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money fromgovernment–funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far,

3