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南开大学728基础英语2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题
南开大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目：基础英语
专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学 Part one Vocabulary(20分)
Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once. bigot override paltry slump tantrum hallucinathone craven virtuosity charisma e consecratpedagogy liquidate temporal edify e ephemerasimulate havoc waver incur l 1 The new government pledged to make every effort to stabilize its ailing economy by ___national debts
2 She proposed that___should be recognized as one of the major disciplines in her school.
3 The pirates made ___along the coast.
4 One of them put forward a(n) ___proposal for putting up the white flag. 5 Facts are recorded in the annals with the coloring of prejudice and___.
6 The American national character was___sharp during the westward Expansion.
7 The scientists carried out an audio-visual___of the beginning of the universe. 8 The management offered us a(n)___3% salary increase. 9 Henry ___between accepting and refusing.
10 This battle-field is ___to the memory of the soldiers who died here. 11 The pianist was applauded for his incredible____. 12 Sales____by 20% last year.
13 The Church has no____power in the modern country. 14 He could never be a film star; he’s got no____ 15 No one would claim that the film is morally____
16 He insisted on his own way and ___all advice and objections. 17 As soon as the drug took effect, she started____ 18 Some kid threw a(n)___in the middle of the store. 19 Fashions are by nature fickle and____ 20 The hurricane caused terrible____
Part two Cloze(10分)
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the__1__production of goods, and then relied on
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“persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then __2__them into money.
Marketing__3__,focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analysing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods __4__will satisfy them.This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that__5__trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.
This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given __6__over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction---the firm and customer---and each must be satisfied__7__trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and __8__customers. In mid-1985, Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. A significant portion of the public did not accept the new flavor, bring about a __9__ restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed_10_the new, King Customers ruled.
1 A productive B efficient C affluent D proficient 2 A convert B transform C switch D modify
3 A on the contrary B in the meantime C however D on the other hand 4 A what B then C that D and
5 A ahead of B while C prior to D instead of 6 A superiority B privilege C prejudice D priority 7 A before B after C while D then
8 A looking up to B adjusting to C catering to D adapting to 9 A proper B prompt C prominent D profound 10 A by B with C alongside D as
Part three Reading Comprehension (50分)
Question 1-5 are based on the following passage
Historically, the primary responsibility for the rearing of young children belonged almost exclusively to the parents, especially the father. It was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that the State was willing to remove a young child from direct supervision of negligent or abusive parents. Even so, in order to reduce welfare costs to the rest of the community, a destitute family in early America, incapable of supporting its own members, was sometimes broken up and the children placed in other households.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth century the mother’s role in the upbringing of children was enhanced: Women became the primary providers of care and affection; and as men’s church membership declined, women also became responsible for the catechizing and education of young children, even though they often were less literate than men. While childrearing manuals continued to acknowledge the importance of the father, they also recognized that the mother had become the major figure in the care of the young.
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Throughout much of Western history, as long as children remained in the home, parents exercised considerable control over them, even to the extent of arranging their marriages and influencing their career choices. Children were expected to be obedient and to contribute to the well-being of the family. And, perhaps more in Western Europe than in America, children were often expected to turn over almost all of their earning directly to the parents---sometimes even after they had left home.
By the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century some of this control had been eroded, and the rights of children as individuals were increasingly recognized and acknowledged. Interestingly, the development of children’s rights has proceeded so rapidly and so far that we may now be in the midst of a backlash, as efforts are being made to re-establish parental responsibility in areas such as the reproductive behaviour of minor children.
Clearly there have been major changes in the way our society treats children; but it would be very difficult for many of us to agree on the costs and benefits of these trends----whether from the viewpoint of the child, the parents, or society. Why many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family, other lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline. A historical analysis of parents and children cannot settle such disputes, but it can provide is with a better appreciation of the flexibility and resilience of the family as an institution for raising the young.
1 Before the late nineteenth century in America, the rearing of children was the responsibility ____
A solely on the part of the household community B mainly on the part of the household C solely on the part of the father D solely on the part of the mother
2 The word “destitute” can best be replaced by____ A poor B big C rich
D irresponsible
3 It can be learned from the second paragraph that during the 18th and 19th century___
A women enjoyed equal education with men B women’s social status was greatly improved C men maintained their key role in child raising D women’s education was still less than men’s
4 As mentioned by the author, efforts to re-establish parental responsibility are___
A to share community welfare burden
B in concern of minor children’s creative behaviour. C in concern of teenage parents
D to better control minor children’s expenditure
5 Regarding the way American children are treated, the author is apparently___
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A in favor of it B worried about it C upset about it D against it
Question 6-10 are based on the following passage
Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners.
“With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisage a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.
These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D images. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path the tumor. Zamoramo is also using technology that attacks a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.
During these procedures—operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are manoeuvre ---surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.
Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.”
6 According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine___ A will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield B can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield C will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield
D can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield 7 Richard Satava has vision of____
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A using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas B wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield
C wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons D setting up mobile surgical units overseas 8 How is virtual reality surgery performed?
A It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device
B Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer
C Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them D A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation. 9 During the virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because___
A he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen B the cuts can be examined from different angles C the cuts have been highly magnified D he is wearing 3-D glasses
10 Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they___
A cause less pain to the wounded
B are done by robot surgeons with greater precision C will make human surgeons’ work less tedious D allow the patient to recover more quickly
Question 11-15 are based on the following passage
When student complete a first draft, they consider the job of writing done—and their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft,they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a draft is completed, the job of writing can begin.
That different in attitude is the difference between amateur and professional, inexperience and experience, journeyman and draftsman. Peter F.Drucker, the prolific business writer, calls his first draft “the zero draft”---after that he can start counting. Most writers share the feeling that the first draft, and all of those which follow, are opportunities to discover what they have to say and how best they can say it.
To produce a progression of drafts, each of which says more and says it more clearly, the writer has to develop a special kind of reading skill. In school we are taught to decode what appears on the page as finished writing. Writers, however, face a different category of possibility and responsibility when they read their own drafts. To them the words on the words on the page are never finished. Each can be changed and rearranged, can set off a chain reaction of confusion or clarified meaning. This is a different kind of reading, which is possibly more difficult and certainly more exciting.
Writers must learn to be their own best enemy. They must accept the criticism
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