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英语复习小结

一、 名词：有可数名词和不可数名词。 1、可数名词有单数、复数之分，

名词复数形式的构成规则： (1) 一般在名词词尾加“s”

如：teacher—teachers egg---eggs (2) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es

如class---classes box-- boxes bus --buses watch--watches

(3) 以辅音字母+y 的名词变y为i再加es 如：story---stories library---libraries,

dictionary----dictionaries hobby---hobbies

(4) 以f, fe 结尾的名词，变f, fe为v加es

如：life ---lives leaf ---leaves half---halves

knife---knives wolf-wolves wife---wives

(5) 以o结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es hero---heroes mango--- mangoes

potato--- potatoes tomato--- tomatoes

其余加s（目前所学的词） zoo---zoos kilo---kilos radio—radios photo--- photos piano-- pianos (6)不规则名词单复数形式

如： child — children woman --- women man ---men foot---feet tooth---teeth 有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如 Japanese，Chinese，

sheep,

如： I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 2、不可数名词没有复数形式

不可数名词有：(1)milk, water, juice, tea, ice; (2) food, rice, meat, fish, chicken, bread, cheese (3) paper, newspaper , hair, time, money, homework, housework

不可数名词的数量常表示如下

two bottles of milk a cup of juice half a kilo of cheese

a bag of rice three kilos of meat some water

二、人称代词

人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。 主格 宾格 I me 我 we us 我们 you you 你,你们 We are going to have a picnic. Let us go. I miss everyone in China. Who can help me? What is he doing? He is trying to get on the bus. Look at him.

She can’t hear. This dog helps her. Tell me more about the Great Wall. 三．物主代词

物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后不用跟。 名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词 的含义 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 我的 我们的 你的，你们他的 她的 它他们mine ours yours his hers its theirs my our your his her its their he him 他 she her 她 it it 它 they them 他们 的 的 第 1 页

的 This is my book. = This book is mine. This is his bag. = This bag is his. Your watch is old, but hers is new. Thanksgiving is my favourite festival.

We say “Thank you” for our food, family and friends. 四、 疑问词

who 谁 what 什么 when 什么时候 what time 几点

where 哪里 why 为什么 how 怎样 how much 多少

how many 多少 how old 多大 whose 谁的 what colour 什么颜色 how long 多长 1. 对人物提问用 who

Who gave it to you? Simon’s family gave it to me. Who can help me? I can help you. 2. 对事物或做某事提问用 what

What do you want? I want a hot dog. What are you doing? I am reading a book. What are you going to study? I’m going to study English. What are you going to do? We’re going to walk around the lake. What’s it about? It’s about animals. 3. 对时间提问用 when

When are you going to eat? We’re going to eat at half past twelve. When was he born? He was born in 1809. 4. 对点钟提问用 what time

What time is it? It’s twelve. What time do you get up? I get up at six o’clock. 5. 对地点提问用 where

Where was he born? He was born in France. Where are you? I am on the train. Where’s your mum? She’s at the supermarket. 6. 对原因提问用 why

Why are you wearing a raincoat? Because it’s going to rain. 7. 对身体状况或方式提问用 how

How are you? I’m fine. How are you going to go to school? I’m going to go to school by bus. 8. 对价钱或不可数名词的数量提问用 how much How much is it? It’s thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents. How much milk do you want? I want two bottles of milk.

9. 对可数名词的数量提问用 how many

How many books are there on the desk? There are three books on the desk. 10. 对年龄提问用 how old

How old are you? I’m twelve. 11. 对“某人的”提问用 whose

Whose cap is this? It’s Amy’s cap. Whose pen is that? It’s his pen.

12. 对颜色提问用 what colour

What colour is it? It’s black. 13. 对星期提问用 what day

What day is it today? It’s Monday. 14. How long is it?

It’s about six thousand seven hundred kilometers. 特殊疑问句语序： 疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序？ 例：How do you go to school? 疑问词（做主语）+ 谓语动词+……? 例：Who gave it to you? 五．时态 1. 一般过去时

表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表

示过去的时间连用。如yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months

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ago（两个月前）等。

构成：(1)肯定句：主语+动词过去式+ …… He made a video.

否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+ …… He didn’t make a video.

一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+ …….? Did he make a video?

(2) be动词用was, were . 否定句在was, were后加

not. 一般疑问句把was, were提前到句首。

She was born in America. She was not born in America. Was she born in America? 2. 现在进行时

表示现在正在进行的动作

构成：主语+am /is / are+ 现在分词+…… The birds are singing in the trees.

否定句在am /is / are后加not. The birds are not singing in the trees. 一般疑问句把am /is / are提前到句首。 Are the birds singing in the trees?

3.一般将来时

表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。如tomorrow (明天), next week（下周）, next year（明年）等。

构成：(1) 主语+ will + 动词原形+…… He will pick up the apples.

否定句在will后加not. He will not pick up the apples. 一般疑问句把will提前到句首。 Will he pick up the apples?

(2) 主语+ be going to + 动词原形+…… We are going to study French.

否定句在am /is / are后加not. We are not going to study French. 一般疑问句把am /is / are提前到句首。

4. 一般现在时

Are you going to study French?

表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 构成：（1）主语+am /is / are+……

否定句在am /is / are后加not. 一般疑问句把am

/is / are提前到句首。

Helen Keller is a model for blind people and for you

and me.

(2) 肯定句：主语+动词原形+ …… The ducks like it.

否定句：主语+don't +动词原形+ …… The ducks don’t like it.

一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+ …….? Do the ducks like it?

(3) 肯定句：主语(三单)+动词第三人称单数形式

+ ……

He likes noodles.

否定句：主语+doesn't +动词原形+ …… He doesn’t like noodles.

一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+ …….? Does he like noodles 六．动词过去式形式 规则动词的过去式构成 1.一般在动词词尾加ed

如： work --- worked play---played watch-- watched 2. 以e 结尾动词在词尾加d

如： live --- lived

3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加ed

如： study ---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried

4. 有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed，

如：stop ---stopped drop--- dropped

5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 动词原形 动词过去式 动词原形 动词过去式

go went come came

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