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专题05 非谓语动词
1. Lily doesn’t feel like __________ (study)abroad. Her parents are old. (单句语法填空)
【错因分析】易误填to study。like to do sth. 喜欢做某事,偶尔一次喜欢做某事;like doing sth.后跟动词不定式,经常性地喜欢做某事。看到like,容易误填to study。此句表示莉莉不想要出国留学,feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。
【参考答案】studying 动名词与不定式的不同 1) 动名词与不定式的区别 动名词 不定式 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的 2) 接不定式或动名词,意义相近,如:begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。
3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组:
stop to do forget to do remember to do stop doing forget doing remember doing
regret to do cease to do try to do go on to do afraid to do interested to do mean to do regret doing cease doing try doing go on doing afraid doing interested doing mean doing begin / start to do begin/ start doing 常见考法
1. 不定式作状语;
2. it作形式主语代替后面的不定式; 3. 不定式的否定形式; 4. 被动语态中的不定式; 5. 不定式省to情况; 6. 不定式作定语的情况。 误区提醒
1. 不定式的不同形式误用; 2. 被动语态中仍然省to; 3. 否定形式not位置弄错; 4. 主动语态中该省to不省; 5. 不定式作定语时丢内容。
动名词作宾语
a. 作动词的宾语,某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词,不能加不定式,如advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape, bear等。
?Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当违反交通规则时,Mark总是尝试着逃脱惩罚。
b. 作介词的宾语(单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语),如depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devote…to…,
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look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。
?We are against killing small animals. 我们反对屠杀小动物。
?Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们是休息一下还是继续工作?
c. 作短语动词的宾语give up, keep on, put off, insist on等。 ?He is often persuaded to give up smoking. 他总是被劝戒烟。
d. 其他情况be worth, be busy, can’t help, can’t stand等。 ?The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这音乐值得反复听。 ?We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。
不定式作宾语
?I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟Tom谈谈。
?Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示一下怎么操作。
2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __________(be)late for school. (单句语法填空)
【错因分析】易误填been或be。worried about...是过去分词短语作状语,
【试题解析】句意:一天早上,我正在等公交车,担心上学会迟到。介词about后面用名词或动名词作宾语,故填being。 【参考答案】being
3. __________ (ignore)the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. (单句语法填空) 【错因分析】分析不清句子成分,易误填Ignore。
【参考答案】Ignoring
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动名词作主语:
a. 直接位于句首作主语。
?Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很不错的运动。
b. it作形式主语,常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。 ?It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他没必要担心。 注意:important, essential, necessary之后常用不定式。
c. 用于"There be"结构中。
?There is no saying when he’ll come. 不知道他什么时候回来。
d. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。
?No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).(这里)禁止抽烟。 ?No parking. 禁止停车。
e. 动名词的复合结构作主语。
?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们的到来及提供的帮助对我们来说是极大地鼓励。
动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
a. 动名词多用来表示泛指,不定式多用来表示特指。 ?Smoking is not good for health. 抽烟对健康有害。
?It is not good for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你不好。
b. 在It is no use..., It is no good..., It is fun..., It is a waste of time...等句型中,常用动名词作真实主语。
?It is no use talking about that. 说那些没有用。 ?It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架没好处。
c. 在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,不用不定式的复合结构作主语。 ?Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你说那个对他意味着什么对吗?
d. 在"There be"句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语。 ?There is no telling what will happen. 没有被告知将要发生什么。
e. 句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:
?Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
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