初中英语介词讲解 下载本文

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初中英语介词讲解 1.介词的含义, 介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。

中考需要掌握的11个介词:in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before 表示时间的介词 A.典型例题:

1. in 1996 / in 2002 / in 1847(年份)

2. inOctober / inFebruary / in March (月份)

3. in spring / in summer / in autumn / in winter (季节) 4. in a week / in a year 在1周 / 年中

5. inthe morning /inthe afternoon /inthe evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上

in those days 在当时 / in no time 立刻 / in the daytime 在白天 / in the future 在将来 / in one minute 在1分钟内 / 最后 in the end

表示较长时间(长于一天或短于一天)如:年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B.典型例题:

1. at ten o’clock / at seven thirty. (表示某一钟点)

2. at noon / at night / at midnight (在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间) 3. atthe age of twenty / at the age of thirty-five (表示某一年龄)

4. atthat time 在那时 / atthe moment 这时、那时、此刻 / at first 首先 / at last 最后=in the end

/ at once 立刻、马上 / at / on (the) weekends 在周末 / 在一年中的这个时候at this time of year / 在……开始/结束时 at the beginning /end of

表示时间的某一点(或表示某时刻)如:钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C.典型例题:

1. onMonday / onTuesday / onWednesday / onFriday 2. onJanuary 1 / onApril 18 / on May 31

3. onJanuary 1, 1988 / onApril 18, 2002 / on May 31,1977

4. onMonday morning / onTuesday afternoon / onWednesday evening 5. ona winter morning /ona summer evening /ona autumn afternoon 6. onthe morning of May fifth

7. onmy birthday / on that day / on New Year’s Day / on the first two days / onChristmas Day 8. 值日on duty / 准时 on time /

表示某一天或者特定(某一天上下午)的时间用介词“on”。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D.典型例题:

1. for two hours / for three days 2. for hundreds of years

3. for the last three years / for the past three years 4. for a while

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表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”+“段时间”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- E.典型例题:

1. from 9 o’clock to 11 o’clock 2. fromFebruarytoApril 3. from 1980 to 1990

4. from then on 从那时候起(用于一般过去时),from now on 从现在起(用于一般将来时),from time to time 时不时地

表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from … to …”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F.典型例题: 1. during the week

2. during those three months 3. during my visit

4. during the holidays / meeting 5. during the spring

表示“在……的期间”要用介词“during”,during表示在特定的时间里,其后的名词前要用定冠词或者表示特定意义的代词。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- G.典型例题:

1. since 1986 / since 1977

2. since last summer / since last week / since last month 3. since then 从那时以后

4. since he came here 自从他来了以后 表示“自……以来”,表示从过去某一时刻到现在,用介词“since”。“since”+“点时间”,主句常用现在完成时。 巩固练习:

1. since 7 o’clock 2. since last Monday

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H.典型例题:

1. The park is open till 5 p.m.

2. He didn’t leave the park until 4 p.m.

表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止,用介词“till / until”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I.表示时间介词的比较 1.典型例题:

1. The train leaves at 8 o’clock, so you’d better be there by 7:50. 火车八点钟开,所以你最好八点

五十以前赶到那儿。

2. He left Shanghaiat the end of last year. 去年年底他离开了上海。(过去式)

3. By the end of last year he had finished the work. 到去年年底,他已经完成了工作。

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at表示事件发生在某一时间点上;by表示事件发生在某一时间点前。 at the end of+ 时间 / 地点,表示时间时,一般用于一般过去式。 by the end of+ 时间,表示时间时,一般用于过去完成时。 in the end =at last最后

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.典型例题:

1. He finished the work three days ago.

2. He said he had finished the work three days before. 3. He will finish the work in three days. 4. Three days later he finished the work.

three days ago表示从今天算起三天前;three days before表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前;in three days表示从今天算起的三天以后Three days later表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后;。ago,用于一般过去式;before,用于过去完成时;in用于将来时。 巩固练习

1. Four days later he came back from Beijing.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.典型例题:

1. before 2 o’clock the meeting lunch

1990 before后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之前 National Day 2. after 2 o’clock the meeting lunch

1990 after后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之后 National Day

由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。after的习惯用法:after work / after school / after class 巩固练习

1. after 8 o’clock 2. after breakfast

3. after a while过了一会儿 4. the day after tomorrow 5. before supper 6. before class

7. the day before yesterday 8. before long不久前

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. 典型例题:

one night / this month / that summer / last year / next week / the day before yesterday / the week after