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第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气

(对应学生用书第9页)

1．(2017·江苏高考卷)________ not for the support of the teachers，the student could

not overcome her difficulty. A．It were C．It was

B．Were it D．Was it

B [考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果没有老师们的帮助，这名学生不可能战胜困难。根据语境可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，且句子省略了if并将were提到句首，使用了部分倒装结构。were it not for...“要不是因为……”。]

2．(2016·江苏高考卷)If it________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be

here now.

A．had not been C．were not to be

B．should not be D．should not have been

A [考查虚拟语气。句意：如果前几天他没邀请我的话，我现在就不会在这儿了。根据主句的时间状语now与从句的时间状语the other day可知本题是错综类虚拟语气。从句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时。] 3．(2014·江苏高考卷)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring

me food. A．might

B．would C．should

D．could

C [考查情态动词。句意：我很难过，虽然他们自己很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。should表示意外、惊讶等，在此处意为“竟然，居然”。] 4．(2017·北京高考卷)If the new safety system________ to use，the accident would

never have happened.

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A．had been put C．should be put

B．were put D．would be put

A [考查虚拟语气。句意：如果新的安全系统已经被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及句中的信息“would never have happened”可知，句中If引导的是虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的情况进行假设，故从句用过去完成时。]

5．(2017·天津高考卷)—Do you have Betty's phone number?

—Yes.Otherwise，I________ able to reach her yesterday. A．hadn't been C．weren't

B．wouldn't have been D．wouldn't be

B [考查虚拟语气。句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。根据句中的时间状语和副词Otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的情况，此时谓语用“could/might/would/should＋完成式”，因此选B。]

【导学号：25874005】

一、情态动词

Ⅰ.情态动词的基本用法

1．表示“可以”时常用may，can; “不可以” 用can't。过去式是：might，could，

couldn't。

You can/may take whatever you like in this room.

The teacher said we could/might take whatever we liked in the room. —May I hand in my exercise book tomorrow? —No，you can't.

2．表示“必须”常用must，have to; must 更强调说话人的主观看法，而have to

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表示的却是客观的需要。must 开头的问句，否定回答用needn't 或don't have to.

I don't like the bag.I must buy a new one. The TV set is broken.I have to buy a new one. —Must I finish the work before Saturday?

—Yes，you must.( No，you needn't /don't have to )． 【提醒】 must 还有“非得，一定要”的意思。 —Can I smoke in the classroom?

—No，you are not allowed to.If you must，you can smoke in the restroom. 3．can表示有能力做某事，它只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。一般情

况下可与be able to互换，但be able to比can 可用于更多的时态。 I think the baby can/will be able to walk in another two months.

另外，当表示过去成功地做成了某事时一般用was /were able to，而不用could。

Luckily，everyone was able to escape from the fire. 4．表示“应该”时用should 和ought to

We should/ ought to respect the elder.

5．will 表示“意愿”或者表示“习惯性、倾向性”， 过去式： would

If you will read the book，I will lend it to you. No one is so blind as those who won't see.

The boy will sit there for hours looking at the passing traffic. Fish will die out of water.

They wouldn't let him in because he was poorly dressed. Every time she was in trouble，she would go to them for help.

6．should 可表示义务，意思是“应该”，还可以表示推测，意思是“照理应该，

估计”，另外还有“居然”，“万一”的意思 You should be polite to your teachers.(应该)

The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.(照理应该) I didn't expect that he should have behaved like that.(居然)

Should it break down within one year，we will replace a new one for you.(万一)

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