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一、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语主要由形容词担任，此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。a beautiful city; a bag full of money. 注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，若是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，

thirty women teachers; his father; the girl in red；the boy from America Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.

falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool He is the man who you are looking for. 二：定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why. 1. I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that/which is red.

↑ ↑ 先行词 关系代词

2. I like some friends. Some friends like sports.

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I like friends who like sports.

↑ ↑ 先行词 关系代词

3. I like music. The music is quiet. I like music that/which is quiet.

↑ ↑ 先行词 关系代词

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

（一）关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人，在定语从句中做主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor.

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注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man (whom / who) you met just now is my old friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 。 4．That既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.

Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5. whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.

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