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考试题型

1. TRUE/FALSE---对概念的理解判断 2. 简答题：定义+分类+语言特征

3. 材料分析题：定义+分类+构成要素+语言特征 4. 翻译--20% E--C-----10% C--E-----10%

Unit 1 Literature

1. definition+classification

Literature defines it as: A general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. Classification: 1) Textbooks

2) Monographs--专著，专论 3) Papers

4) Encyclopedias—百科全书 5) Periodicals

6) Special Documentation

2. Linguistic features/writing styles of scientific literature

Formal :The choice of words should be formal

Complex:The sentence structure of a professional paper should be complex.

Objective:The expression should be objective.

3. How to search for relevant literature

global search--全局搜索--conducting the extensive reading

Specific search--具体搜索--search for literature about a certain topic within a specific area or in a narrower scope

Processed search--精准搜索---search for essential information in the course of literature search an reading. 4. Principle or Criteria of Translation

Faithfulness: By faithfulness/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style.

Expressiveness: By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanical copying from dictionaries

Elegance : by elegance, the linguistic style of the translating must be formal, elegant.

5. Literal Translation and Free Translation 定义以及举例说明

1.The literal translation means“not to alter the original

words and sentences”

For example, crocodile’s tears (鳄鱼的眼泪), armed to the teeth (武装到牙齿), chain reaction (连锁反应), gentlemen’s agreement (君子协定)

Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns.

Adam’s Apple 喉结 at sixes and sevens 乱七八槽 It rains cats and dogs. 大雨滂沱 6. Translation