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野生与种植黄连植株不同部位的生物碱含量比较研究

作者:曾燕 朱俊平 范诗琪 梁慧慧 何红 来源:《湖南中医药大学学报》2019年第07期

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〔摘要〕 目的 采用UV和HPLC法比较野生与种植黄连植株不同部位生物碱含量差异。方法 UV法在波长345 nm处测定黄连总生物碱含量,HPLC采用C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱,乙腈和0.4%磷酸水溶液(25∶75)等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量10 μL,检测波长345 nm,柱温30 ℃以测定盐酸小檗碱含量。结果 黄连不同部位的总生物碱含量:种植黄连根茎含(9.88±0.03)%、须根含(6.41±0.03)%、茎叶含(1.92±0.04)%;野生黄连根茎含(7.95±0.03)%、茎叶含(0.64±0.03)%。黄连不同部位的的盐酸小檗碱含量:种植

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黄连根茎含(0.45±0.04)%、须根含(0.17±0.03)%、茎叶含(0.09±0.03)%;野生黄连根茎含(0.38±0.03)%、茎叶含(0.16±0.03)%。结论 种植黄连植株不同部位的总生物碱含量高于野生黄连,但其盐酸小檗碱含量低于野生黄连植株;野生与种植黄连均为根茎部总生物碱和盐酸小檗碱含量最高。

〔关键词〕 黄连;UV;HPLC;盐酸小檗碱;生物碱标志物

〔中图分类号〕R284.1; ; ; ;〔文献标志码〕A; ; ; ;〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2019.07.014

〔Abstract〕 Objective To compare the alkaloid content in different parts of wild and cultivated Coptis chinensis by UV and HPLC. Methods Determination of total alkaloids in Coptis chinensis by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 345 nm. HPLC was performed on C18(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column by isocratic elution with acetonitrile -0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous (25:75) as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, the injection volume was 10 μL, the detection wave length was 345 nm, the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. Results The content of total alkaloids in cultivated Coptis chinensis: the rhizome, fibrous root, cauline contains (9.88±0.03)%, (6.41±0.03)%, (1.92±0.04)%, respectively; The content of total alkaloids in wild Coptis chinensis: rhizome was (7.95±0.03)%, stem and leaf was

(0.64±0.03)%. The content of berberine hydrochloride in cultivated Coptis chinensis: rhizome was (0.45±0.04)%, fibrous root, and stem and leaf contain (0.17±0.03)%,

(0.09±0.03)%, respectively. The content of berberine hydrochloride in wild Coptis chinensis: rhizome was (0.38±0.03)%, and that of stem and leaf was (0.16±0.03)%. Conclusion The content of total alkaloids in different parts of cultivated Coptis chinensis was higher than that in wild Coptis chinensis, but the content of berberine hydrochloride was lower than that in wild Coptis chinensis. The rhizome part in both wild and cultivated Coptis chinensis had the highest content of total alkaloids and berberine hydrochloride.

〔Keywords〕 Coptis chinensis; UV; HPLC; berberine hydrochloride; alkaloid markers 隨着中医药临床疗效显著、临床应用扩大,中药材的需求量越来越大[1],中药种植及其GAP应运而生,极大程度地解决了中药资源短缺等问题。然而,传统观点则认为野生中药材的质量均优于种植的,无需考察首选野生药材[2]。也因此使得野药材的价位远高于种植的。课题组在多年中药材质量研究中发现,并不是所有的中药质量均为野生优于种植,某些种植药材的质量反而优于野生的,临床上种植药材逐渐取代了野生药材,不会因此而影响临床疗效。 黄连为毛茛科植物黄连(Coptis chinensis Franch.)、三角叶黄连(Coptis deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao)或云连(Coptis teeta Wall.)的干燥根茎,主产于四川、重庆、湖南、云南、贵州、陕西等地,具有清热燥湿、清心除烦、泻火解毒功效[3]。药理实验表明,其主要成分生物碱中的小檗碱具有明显的抗菌[4-5]、抗炎[6]、抑制乳腺癌细胞[7-8]、干预非酒精性脂肪性肝炎[9]、抑制前列腺癌[10]。其功效多而显著,在临床上应用极广[11],既有其单味药制剂