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摘 要

随着我国汽车保有量和汽车驾驶员的数量与日俱增，随之带来的是越来越多的交通安全问题，交通事故频发为许多家庭带来了极大的灾难与痛苦。由事故原因分析结果表明，由人的因素直接引起的交通事故约占事故总数的70%，综合考虑人与车辆和道路交通环境的两两作用或共同作用，90%-97%的事故和人的因素有关。因此，本文试着从驾驶员本身以及能够影响驾驶员驾驶失误的环境因素方面来分析、预防交通事故的发生，主要内容如下：

（1）本文在参阅有关人因工程学的研究和应用文献的基础上，阐述和归纳了人因工程学的基本概念及其研究的相关内容，如人机界面设计、工作环境改善等。

（2）利用人因工程学的相关理论与知识，从人的生理、心理特以及人-车-道路交通环境系统方面对交通事故的原因进行了分析，提出了引发交通事故的影响因素。

（3）从满足人的特性的角度出发，利用人因工程学的相关知识，对汽车的仪表盘、方向盘、座椅提出了人因设计，对汽车内的噪声、空气污染以及道路环境中的公路接入口、长陡下坡路段、公路隧道、路面损伤、长直路段等不合理了地方提出了人因改善。另外还通过引入电子辅助设备对驾驶员的酒驾、超速驾驶 以及疲劳驾驶的行为进行提醒、约束，从而达到预防以及减少交通事故的发生。

关键词：人因工程学；道路交通环境；驾驶失误；交通事故

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Abstract

Along With the increasing amount of car ownership and car driver in China, And brought a growing number of traffic safety issues, Frequent traffic accidents for many families brought great disaster and pain. Results show that from the analysis of the cause of the accident, Directly by the human factors accounted for about 70% of the total number of accidents caused by traffic accident, Comprehensive consideration of people and vehicles and road traffic environment or combination of the two function of 90% - 97% of the accidents Related to what human factors. Therefore, This article tried from the driver itself and environmental factors that can affect the driving errors to analysis and prevent the happening of the accident, The main contents are as follows:

(1) In this paper refer to the relevant people for engineering on the basis of the research and application of literature, Expounds and summarizes the basic concepts of human factors engineering and the research of the related content, Such as the man-machine interface design, working environment improvement, etc.

(2) related to the use of human factors engineering theory and knowledge, from the physiological, psychological and special person-vehicle-road traffic accidents in terms of environmental systems analysis of the reasons for the proposed influencing factors lead to accidents.

(3) From the perspective of satisfying feature and use for engineering related knowledge, for the car dashboard and the steering wheel and seat are proposed for design, for The automobile inside noise, air pollution and road environment in highway access, long and steep downhill section, tunnel, road damage, such as long straight sections that unreasonable place for improvement were put forward. Also through introduction of electronic auxiliary equipment for the driver's drunk driving, speeding and fatigue driving behavior to remind, constraints, so as to prevent and reduce traffic accidents.

Keywords: human factors engineering; road traffic environment; driving mistakes; accident

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目录

摘 要 ........................................................................................................................... I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 目录 ............................................................................................................................. III 第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1本课题的研究背景与意义 .............................................................................. 1

1.1.1研究背景 ................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2研究意义 ................................................................................................ 1 1.2国内外相关研究现状 ...................................................................................... 1

1.2.1国外研究现状 ........................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ....................................................................................... 3 1.3本论文的研究内容 .......................................................................................... 4 第2章 人因工程学的基本理论与方法 ..................................................................... 5

2.1人因工程学的定义及应用领域 ...................................................................... 5

2.1.1人因工程学的定义 ................................................................................ 5 2.1.2人因工程学的应用领域 ........................................................................ 6 2.2人因工程学研究的相关内容 .......................................................................... 7

2.2.1人的心理特性分析 ................................................................................ 7 2.2.2人的生理特性分析 ................................................................................ 8 2.2.3疲劳及其改善 ...................................................................................... 10 2.2.4人体测量与应用 .................................................................................. 13 2.2.5人机界面设计 ...................................................................................... 15 2.2.6工作环境及其改善 .............................................................................. 17

第3章 驾驶失误的影响因素分析 ........................................................................... 19

3.1 基于驾驶员生理、心理特性的驾驶失误分析 ........................................... 19

3.1.1基于驾驶员生理特性的驾驶失误分析 .............................................. 19 3.1.2基于驾驶员心理特性的驾驶失误分析 .............................................. 22 3.2驾驶失误中基于车辆的人因分析 ................................................................ 24 3.3基于路况环境的驾驶失误分析 .................................................................... 26 3.4 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 29

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