塔机平衡臂有限元分析ansys课程设计 下载本文

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牟晋勇 机械085 2007071275

一.实验目的:

综合训练和培养学生利用有限元技术进行机械系统分析和设计的能力,独立解决本专业方向实际问题的能力;增强对ansys软件的认识和操作能力;进一步提高学生创新设计、动手操作能力,为将来所从事的机械设计打下坚实的基础。

二、实验环境

1.硬件:方正计算机1台 2.软件:CAE软件ANSYS

三、实验内容(任务及要求):

主要训练学生对机械结构问题分析规划的能力,能正确利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立结构的有限元模型,合理定义单元、分析系统约束环境,正确加载求解,能够提取系统分析结果。通过实验分析使学生了解和掌握有限元技术辅助机械系统设计和分析的特点,推动学生进行创新设计。

本组数据: 数据项 a(m) P(N) 学生2 12 1.99e5N 2.3e4N 1500N 0 1000 200 0.3 0.000314 0.020833 0.4m 左端集度(N/m) 右端集度q0(N/m) 弹性模量(GPa) 帕松比 截面积 抗弯惯性矩 截面高度 四、实验步骤:

(一)问题分析:

塔机平衡臂主要载荷包括:平衡臂的自重,风载荷,平衡重,起升机构,电机重。结构为背向两槽钢用角钢焊接,上表面有拉杆的一个立体机构。因此,将实验模型简化为槽钢与角钢搭接,拉杆与槽钢上表面耦合的结构。

(二)实验过程:

1)设置计算类型:

ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences →select Structural (结构分析)→ OK 2)选择单元类型

ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Element Type →Add/Edit/Delete… →Add… →select shell63 →apply→select link 1→OK→Close→real constant→add→shell63→定义厚度set1为0.0105→ok→同理定义厚度set2为0.018,set3为0.01→add→link1→定义拉杆截面积set4为0.000314 3)定义材料参数

ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Material Props →Material Models →Structural →Linear →Elastic→Isotropic→input EX:2.06 e11, PRXY:0.3 → OK Preprocessor →Material Props →Material Models →Structural →Density→input 7850→ OK 4)生成几何模型 (A) 生成槽钢

生成特征点:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS→依次输入坐标值(-0.32,0,0)(-0.42,0,0)(-0.42,0.4,0)(-0.32,0.4,0)(0.32,0,0)(0.42,0,0)(0.42,0.4,0)(0.32,0.4,0)((0,0,0)(0,0,12) 生成线:

Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Lines →lines →Straight lines→依次连接(-0.32,0,0)(-0.42,0,0)(-0.42,0.4,0)(-0.32,0.4,0);同样依次连接相邻点(0.32,0,0)(0.42,0,0)(0.42,0.4,0)(0.32,0.4,0)再次连接(0,0,0)(0,0,12) 拉伸成面:Preprocessor →Modeling→operate→extrude→lines→about lines→选择槽钢型线→apply→选择(0,0,0)(0,0,12)形成的线→OK,将槽钢拉伸完成 (B)生成角钢:

生成特征点:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS→依次输入坐标值(-0.34,0.4,0)(-0.40,0.4,0.07)(-0.40,0.5,0.07)(-0.34,0.4,0.84),(0.34,0,0)(0.40,0,0)(0.40,0,0.07)(-0.34,-0.1,0.07)(-0.34,-0,0.84)

生成线:依次连接(-0.34,0.4,0)(-0.40,0.4,0.07)(-0.40,0.5,0.07)0.34,0,0)(0.40,0,0)(0.40,0,0.07)(-0.34,-0.1,0.07)

拉伸成面:Preprocessor →Modeling→operate→extrude→lines→about lines→选择(-0.34,0.4,0.84)(-0.34,0.4,0)和(0.34,0,0)(-0.34,-0,0.84)形成的线→apply→选择(0.42,0.4,0.14)(-0.35,0.4,0.91)形成的线→OK

复制生成其他角钢:Preprocessor →Modeling→copy→areas→选中要移动的角钢→ok→dz输入1.9→OK 同理:

生成特征点:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS→依次输入坐标值(0.34,0.4,0.86)(0.340,0.4,0.93)(0.34,0.5,0.86)(-0.34,0.4,1.7)(-0.34,0.4,0.86)(-0.340,0.4,0.93)(-0.34,0.5,0.86)(0.34,0.4,1.7)生成线:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Lines →lines →Straight lines依次连接(0.34,0.4,0.86)(0.340,0.4,0.93)(0.34,0.5,0.86) (-0.34,0.4,0.86)(-0.340,0.4,0.93)(-0.34,0.5,0.86)拉伸成面:Preprocessor →Modeling→operate→extrude→lines→about lines→将角钢拉伸完成。

复制生成其他角钢:Preprocessor →Modeling→copy→areas→选中要移动的角钢→ok→dz输入1.88→ok (C)创建拉杆:

生成点:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS→依次输入(0,2.9.0)(0.35,0.4,8.5)(-0.35,0.4,8.5) 生成线:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create→lines→Straight lines→依次连接(0,2.9.0)(0.35,0.4,8.5)(-0.35,0.4,8.5) 5)将角钢和槽钢搭接:

Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →operate→booleans→overlap→areas→pick all→OK 6)拉杆与槽钢耦合前先建立硬点:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints→hardpoint on area→hard pt by coordinate→选择建立硬点的面→ok→输入(0.35,0.4,8.5)同理在点(-0.35,0.4,8.5)建立硬点。 7)网格划分

ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Meshing →Mesh tool →area→set→选择槽钢的上下表面→OK→在对话框中选择1→ok→area set→选择槽钢的上下表面→ok→对话框中输入0.2→ok→mesh→选择槽钢的侧表面→OK 同理划分腹板和角钢 8)将拉杆跟槽钢耦合:

Main Menu: Preprocessor→coupling→couple DOFs→选择硬点→ok→选择node点→选择全约束(all)→ok 9)模型施加约束:

施加平衡臂的全约束:main Menu: solution→define loads→apply →Structural →Displacement→on line→选择约束线→ux→ok。同理施加除z轴旋转的弯矩。 在(0,2.4,13)点施加全约束:main Menu: solution→define loads→apply →Structural →Displacement→on keypoints→选择点(0,2.9,0)→选择全约束→ok

施加载荷:main Menu: solution→define loads→apply →Structural →force→on keypoints→(0.34,0.4,11)(-0.34,0.4,11)→ok→y方向施加-72030。同理,在(0.34,0.4,10)(-0.34,0.4,10)施加y方向-11270,在(0.34,0.4,7)(-0.34,0.4,7)施加y方向-18886.5 10)

施加风载荷:Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS→依次输入坐标值(0.42,0.2,10)(0.42,0.2,7)

main Menu: solution→define loads→apply →Structural →force→on keypoints→(0.42,0.2,10)→OK→FX→-4410→OK;同理在(0.42,0.2,7)施加-690N的力 定义重力加速度和风载荷:

main Menu: solution→define loads→apply →Structural →inertial→gravity→globle→acelx 0.454,acely9.8→ok 11)后处理:

main Menu: solution→solve→current LS→OK 12)定义力:

General postproc→element table →define table→add→user able for iterm TX→by sequence num→smisc→smisc1→apply→user able for iterm TY→by sequence num→smisc→smisc2→apply→依次定义TXY,MX , MY , MXY →user able for iterm