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ridicule （讽刺）

8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)

9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor 10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)

11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole

12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm

13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor

14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor

15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony

16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly

inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony

18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony

19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor

20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification

21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill… ----- metaphor

22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile

23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor

25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony

26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a

certain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)

27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm

28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---irony Lesson8

1.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelism Lesson9

1. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence

2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor

3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a

cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence

4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction

5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel construction Lesson10

1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg

of

Puritan

morality,and

of

the

fashionable

experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet

2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by

some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor

3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor

4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor

5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy

6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the