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relationship, established equivalent relationship 14, and subject: application problem (4)--scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores, and percentage application preliminary knowleoblem of key is: according to meaniphing, (1) determine standard volume (units \e \n in-line solution. Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineering problem problem XV, a subject: review of the measurement of the amount of capacity, measurement and units of measurement of comnt and their significance in rate 1, currency, length, area, volume, unit size, volume, weight and rate. (Omitted) 2, commonly used time units and their relationships. (Slightly) with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1, and of method 2, and poly method 3, and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1, and tool measurement 2, and estimates 16, and subject: geometry preliminary knowledge (1)--line and angle review content line, and segment, and Ray, and vertical, and parallel, and angle angle of classification (slightly) 17, and subject: geometry prdge (2)--plane gracs review content triangle, and edges shaped, and round, and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and arehea combination graphics of area subject : Preliminary knowledge (3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into: cylinder and cone 2, column is divided into: cuboid, square 3, cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relatimon units of measuremeonship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1, size 2, table ...和工艺流程图绘制方法——PID图 PID图图纸规格
采用1号图纸规格(594 mm×841 mm),并用多张1号图分开表示。每张图纸的有关部分均应相互衔接,完善地表示出整个生产过程。少数物流和控制关系来往密切且内容较多,表示在一张1号图中太挤的情况下,可按图纸延长的标准加长1/4或1/2。 PID图的内容
应根据工艺流程图和公用工程流程图的要求,详细地表示装置的全部设备、仪表、管道和其他公用工程设施,具体内容如下: a) 全部设备;
b) 全部仪表(包括控制、测量及计算机联结);
c) 所有管道、阀门(低高点放空除外)、安全阀、大小头及部分法兰; d) 公用工程设施、取样点、吹扫接头; e) 工艺、仪表、安装等特殊要求。 PID图中设备画法
编号 例如E-1由三台换热器并联操作,其编号分别为E-1A,E-1B,E-1C(或E-1A/B/C);如P-1为两台泵(一台操作,一台备用),其编号为P-1A,P-1B(或P-1A/B)。
用细实线画出装置全部操作和备用的设备,在设备的邻近位置(上下左右均可)注明编号(下画一粗实线)、名称及主体尺寸或主要特性。编号及名称应与工艺流程图相一致,编号方法与“工艺流程图”2.4.2规定相同。但同一作用的设备由多台组成(或备用)时,可在编号数字后加A,B,C。 设备的主体尺寸或特性的标注方法按不同外型或特性规定如下: a) 立式圆筒型:内径ID×切线至切线高T/T,mm, b) 卧式圆筒型:内径ID×切线至切线长T/T,mm, c) 长方型:长×宽×高,mm,
d) 加热及冷换设备:标注编号、名称及其特性(热负荷、及传热面积) e) 机泵,
relationship, established equivalent relationship 14, and subject: application problem (4)--scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores, and percentage application preliminary knowleoblem of key is: according to meaniphing, (1) determine standard volume (units \n in-line solution. Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineering problem problem XV, a subject: review of the measurement of the amount of capacity, measurement and units of measurement of comnt and their significance in rate 1, currency, length, area, volume, unit size, volume, weight and rate. (Omitted) 2, commonly used time units and their relationships. (Slightly) with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1, and of method 2, and poly method 3, and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distnce of method 1, and tool measurement 2, and estimates 16, and subject: geometry preliminary knowledge (1)--line and angle review content line, and segment, and Ray, and vertical, and parallel, and angle angle of classification (slightly) 17, and subject: geometry prdge (2)--plane gracs review content triangle, and edges shaped, and round, and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and arehea combination graphics of area subject : Preliminary knowledge (3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into: cylinder and cone 2, column is divided into: cuboid, square 3, cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relatimon units of measuremeonship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1, size 2, table ...和 设备大小可不按比例画,但应尽量有相对大小的概念,有位差要求的设备,应表示其相对高度位置,例如热旁路控制流程中的冷凝器和回流罐。 设备内部构件的画法与PFD图规定要求相同。相同作用的多台设备应全部予以表示,并按生产过程的要求表示其并联或串联的操作方式。对某些需要满足泵的汽蚀余量或介质自流要求的设备应标注其离地面的高度,一般塔类和某些容器均有此要求。对于落地的立式容器,该尺寸要求也可直接表示在相关数据表设备简图中。
PID图中管道画法
装置内所有操作、开停工及事故处理等管道及其阀门均应予表示,并用箭头表示管内物料的流向。主要操作管道用粗实线表示,备用管道、开停工及事故处理管道、其他辅助管道均用细实线表示。
装置内的扫线、污油排放及放空管道只需画出其主要的管道及阀门,并表示其与设备或工艺管道连接的位置。
装置内公用工程(水、蒸汽、燃料、密封油、冲洗油、空气、化学药剂等)可分不同系统按上述要求绘制公用工程的“管道及仪表流程图”。各种物料一般在使用地点用短实线示意,并标注物料的名称,但对其所采用的仪表和阀门不得重复表示(一般只表示在公用工程PID中)。
管道的编号及标注方法:应根据装置的部分号和管内物料的属性分别按流程顺序编号,即每一种介质应分别顺序编号。允许中间有预留号,如:工艺管道(代号P)中不同属性物料管道之间可以留有空号。同一物料流经多台不同功能的设备时,每经一台或一组设备后新编一个管号。 管道的标注方法如下:
×××× - ×××× - ×××× - ×××× - ××× 公称直径 介质代号 管道编号 管道等级 隔热 或
×××× - ×××× - ×××× -×××× 公称直径 介质代号 管道编号 管道等级
公称直径以mm表示,例如:50即50 mm:介质代号详见附录A中的A2;
relationship, established equivalent relationship 14, and subject: application problem (4)--scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores, and percentage application preliminary knowleoblem of key is: according to meaniphing, (1) determine standard volume (units \n in-line solution. Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineering problem problem XV, a subject: review of the measurement of the amount of capacity, measurement and units of measurement of comnt and their significance in rate 1, currency, length, area, volume, unit size, volume, weight and rate. (Omitted) 2, commonly used time units and their relationships. (Slightly) with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1, and of method 2, and poly method 3, and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1, and tool measurement 2, and estimates 16, and subject: geometry preliminary knowledge (1)--line and angle review content line, and segment, and Ray, and vertical, and parallel, and angle angle of classification (slightly) 17, and subject: geometry prdge (2)--plane gracs review content triangle, and edges shaped, and round, and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and arehea combination graphics of area subject : Preliminary knowledge (3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into: cylinder and cone 2, column is divided into: cuboid, square 3, cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relatimon units of measuremeonship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1, size 2, table ...和 管道编号一般为四位数字,首位数字代表“部分号”,后面数字为管道序号。如果装置不分成若干部分,则管道编号一般为三位数字,没有“部分号”。例如催化重整装置反应部分(部分号为2)第45条油汽管道,其管号应为2045。 管道等级的选定按SEPM 0101.1,先由工艺专业确定,最后由配管专业在管道说明表中会签。隔热要求代号见附录A中的A3。 阀门、法兰、大小头、取样接头、管道过滤器的表示方法:
a)阀门应按不同种类图例表示,参照SH/T 3101。特殊阀门更应表示清楚。对关键性阀门应标注操作方式(其代号见附录A中的A4)
b)与设备开口法兰联接的管道均应将法兰画出,与带法兰的阀门联接处可不画法兰。由于工艺要求需在管线某段设置法兰时,应予表示,并注明其位置尺寸;
c)所有盲法兰应画出法兰盖。阀门一端有法兰盖或丝堵的可用 或 表示; d)最终版的PID中所有变径处的大小头均应予表示;
e)安全阀用代号PSV表示,编号格式同2.4.2的设备编号,并在编号下端注明其定压(Pc)。
f)所有取样接口,即使不设取样冷却器,均应在流程图中表示并编号,编号前加代号SN,如SN-101……等;
g)泵入口若设置固定式管道过滤器,流程图要表示。临时过滤器不表示在流程图中。
特殊要求的表示法:对设备、管道、仪表等设计或安装等有特殊要求的部位,应在图上标注清楚,也可在图中适当位置画出详图,并将详图编号,详图代号DTL;也可在图的右上端或下端用备注的形式加以说明。
a)详图:用来表示设备、管道、仪表等局部地方的设计详图,如有多个详图时,可用DTL-A、B、C、D区别。
b)自流管道:应注明管道的坡度及方向,例如:i=0.005即坡度为0.5 %; c)工艺或仪表要求管道有一段水平管段或垂直管段或测量点有距离要求时应在所要求的位置予以注明。
d) 管道出现不同的管道等级要求时,应在变等级处标明不同的管道等级, e) 需要伴热的管道可在其下端(水平管)或右侧(垂直管)相距1 mm处