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第二讲 短文改错

[全国卷3年考情分析]

[命题者说]

短文改错主要考查语法基础知识，语篇通常取材于考生自己的习作或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合高中生的认知水平，即通俗易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语法结构。短文词数通常与书面表达一样，也是100词左右。

Ⅰ 短文改错命题原则表——高考就考这些点 着眼点 动词 名词 代词 词法 形容词、副词 冠词 介词 词性误用 句法 行文逻辑 具体思考点 时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气 可数不可数、单数还是复数、是否需用所有格 主格与宾格、人称与物主、人称与反身、各种不定代词 原级、比较级、最高级 不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词 基本用法、固定搭配 形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词 连词(并列连词和从句引导词)、主谓一致、there be句型与特殊句式 时态一致、指代一致、逻辑一致 Ⅱ 短文改错意识原则表——答题就按此法办

短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词2～3个，错词7～8个，做完题后，可按此规律进行查验。见下表：

类型 多、缺词 错词 总数(10) 2～3 7～8 具体思考点 be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词 连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等 1

A

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 答案：

eighteen

In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still

eighteenth ∧

remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned

the/mythe instructor’s orders,

sogoes

once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what

but/yetwent

word

he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the ， “Speed up！” “Slow

wordsTurning

down！” “ left！” I was so much＼ nervous that I could hardly tell which direction

Turnwas left. A few minutes

late

， the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief later

suddenlyon

and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.

suddenof

B

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 答案：

Mr. and Mrs.Zhang

/

all

both

all＼ work in our school.They live far from the school, and

2

a

it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, an/oneinterestingthat

they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of

interestedwhichearlier

their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also

earlyBesideinformations

bought for some gardening tools. ， they often get some useful from Besidesinformationthe Internet. When summer vegetables!

C

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 答案：

had

When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of＼ how fast time flies. I grown

haveand

not only physically, also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this

buttookbecome

photo was ， I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the

takenbecameschool music club.Around me in

∧they

picture are the things were very

this/thethat/which

came ∧， they will invite their students pick the fresh

tocomes

important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying differencelate

kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the music differentlatestyouralbums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.

my

名词单复数的误用

1．此类题的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面：

(1)可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，有时也考查错把单数用作复数。

3