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该项发盘未规定有效期，应视为合理时间有效，本例合理时间应为开标后若干天，(3)意商5月20日来电撤销发盘，我方立即拒绝，撤销不能成立。《公约》规定，一项发盘，受盘人有理由信赖该项发盘是不可撤销并已本着该项信赖行事，该项发盘不能撤销；④我方中标后立即通知意方接受，接受生效，双方合同成立。
Answer for Chapter 4
单选
CBACB DCDCD 多选
CD BCD ABCDE AB ABCE
IV. Decide the following statement whether it is true or not. If not, correct the wrong statement. 1. (√)
2. (×) sometimes both can be used. 3. (√ ) 4. (√ )
5. (×) as well as the system of weight and ways to measure the goods. 6. (× ) Not only. Other systems can be used. 7. (×) Net weight
8. (×) Sometimes we do accept the practice. 9. (×) Net weight
10. (× ) European Article Number VI. Case study
1、Yes. The buyer can lodge a claim ask the Chinese company for compensation because according to the contract, each piece of the trade goods should be packed in a plastic bag with both English and French instructions. Obviously, the Chinese company failed to packed the trade goods as required.
2、Since “sale by sample” was not stipulated in the contract, YS needs to deliver NT writing paper strictly according to all details stipulated in the contract including the name of the commodity and other specification. Therefore, it is believed that YS should be responsible for the breach of contract. However, YS should try to explain to NT that though part of the production process was in fact finished by machine, the quality is not at all inferior. Hopefully, by the evidence of the good quality of the writing paper, NT accept the goods without lodging a claim. 3、分析意见： 该公司做法不妥。
因为买卖合同中确定成交的数量为200公吨，每公吨按500美元CIF东京条件成交，合同中并未指出是以净重还是以毛重计价，按国际贸易习惯做法应以净重计价，因而我方拒绝退回因短量而多收的货款是不妥当的。
Answer for Chapter 5
1、单选
DABDA CABCD BBABB CAABB 2、多选
ACE ABCE AB BCD AD 3、判断 1. T
2. F where the goods are to be unloaded must be decided and confirm
ed by the buyer at least 48 hours before the ship arrives at the first optional port. 3. T 4. T 5. T
6. F a letter of indemnity is issued by the shipper to the shipping company in exchange for a clean-on-board shipped bill of lading.
7. F according to article 23 of the UCP NO.500,” IF A Credit calls
for a bill of lading covering a port to port shipment, banks will, unless otherwise stipulated in Credit, accept a document, however named, which ……contains no indication that it is subject to a charter party ……” 8. T
9. F dispatch money is an amount paid by the ship-owner to the shipper for the shipper’s quicker loading and unloading of the goods. 10.T
4、 Case study
1.[Answer]: The loss to the stationary pertained to particular average, while the loss to the tea was a partial one… The insurance company will have compensated for the losses if the goods had been insured against FPA.
2.[Answer]: The most important lesson we can learn is that, it is essential for the exporter to present documents in accordance with the stipulations of the relevant LC. In this case, finding the shipping marks illegible on the LC, the export salesman in the ABC Company, instead of asking the buyer for clarification, decided the shipping marks himself. This constituted discrepancy between the documents and the LC. Article 14 of the UCP500 clearly indicates, “When the Issuing Bank authorizes another bank to pay, incur a deferred payment undertaking, accept draft(s), or negotiate against documents which appear on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit…” It is clear that the documents presented must be in conformity with the stipulations in the L/C. 3、分析意见：
(1)买方没有这种权利。因为一个分批交货合同，各批交货都应视为一个独立的合同，况且成交的是大米，品质没有相互依存的关系，但由于第五批大米确实品质不符，所以能就这一批提出索赔。
(2)若成交的是一套大型机械设备，其中一批品质违反合同，那么买方不但可以宣告从这一批开始的以后各批货物无效，而且还可提出退回过去已交付的几批货款。因为一套大型机械设备的分批交货，各批之间的品质是相关联的。 (3)若凭L／C结汇，卖方违反的是交货期，那么买方可以宣告从这一批开始的以后各批均告无效。因为《UCP 500》规定信用证规定在指定的期限分批装运，如其中一批未按信用证规定的期限装运，则信用证对该期以及以后各期均告无效。
Answer for Chapter 6
Ⅰchoose for best answer. 1-5 CCCDD 6-10 CACDB Ⅱmultiple choices.
1-5 ABC BCE ABCD ABCDE BD Ⅲ. True or false
1. F many countries in the world have begun to adopt the Institute Cargo Clause, including China. 2. T 3. T 4. T
5. F all risks do not cover other special risks like War risk, Strike risk, etc. 6. F the insured may choose to attach War of Strike risk to W.P.A. 7. F according to international business practice, insurable interest is required only when the insured claims damages with the insurance company. 8. T
9. F by franchise in meant that the insurance company must still compensate the insured once the damage exceeds the percentage stipulated . 10. F irrespective of percentage is applied to goods which are easily broken or delivered short; it has nothing to do with other disasters such as strikes, war, and other natural disasters. Ⅳ case study
1、答：(1)船舶失火，为船、货共同安全起见，船长采取灌水救火，符合共同海
损条件，故该轮共同海损成立。 (2)被火直接烧毁的货物损失5 000美元，属单独海损，船方可不予负责赔偿。
(3)被水浸损坏的货物损失6 000美元，由于救火灌水，为了全船、货、人安全
而致的损失，属于共同海损，应由船，货，运费方各方共同负担。 2、答：这台精密仪器因船舶互撞而受到损失，受损坏的仪器如拆卸为零件出售，尚可收回5,000美元的价值，但是如果将它修复至原状，则修理费用，达16,000美元，如加上运至目的地的费用总和，超过该货在目的地的价值。在这种情况下，按照惯例，保险公司则视该批货物为推定全损，应属于保险公司赔偿的范围。
在本例中所说的情况属于推定全损的范围。保险公司对于发生推定全损的货物，除按保单的规定，给予赔款外，被保人即货主，应将该货物委付给保险公司，即将该货的权益转让给保险公司，并由被保人签署权力转让书作为证据，从而使保险公司在赔付货款以后，能够自行处理该货的残余部分，并享受该货有关其他权益。
Answer for Chapter 7
Ⅰchoose for best answer. 1-5BBDAA 6-10CDDCB 11-15BBDAA Ⅱmultiple choices.
1-5 BCD ABC ABD AB ABD Ⅲ. True or false 1. T 2. T
3. F this is a discrepancy between the contract and the covering L/C. 4. T
5. F this “ more or less “ tolerance does not apply when” the Credit stipulates the quantity in terms of a stated number of packing units or individual items.
6. F according to article 42of the UCP 500, a freely negotiable credit does not need to “ stipulate a place for negotiation.”