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2019年小学英语语法—时态讲解

【一】一般现在时

一、一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成

1.be动词：肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：肯定句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加\或\。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词+s的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,

2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 特殊：have----has 三、一般现在时的变化 1.be动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.

一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：How does your father go to work? 练习

1.He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3.We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4.Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

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5.______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6.What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7._____ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8.The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9.She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10.There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11.Mike _______(like) cooking. 12.They _______(have) the same hobby.

13.My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14.You always _______(do) your homework well. 15.I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16.She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17.Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18.The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19.Su Hai and Su Yang _____(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _____(be) it today?－ It’s Saturday.

小学英语语法【二】现在进行时

现在进行时

1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 标志词：look now listen It’s +点钟 动词加ing的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting ,write—writing , ride—riding ,have—having come—coming dance—dancing live—living take—taking skate—skating

3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：swim—swimming begin—beginning run-running, sit—sitting put—putting get—getting

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shop—shopping stop-- stopping 现在进行时练习

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

小学英语语法【三】一般将来时

一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：①be going to + do；②will+ do.

三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1.问人。Who

例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2.问干什么。What … do.

例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.

→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3.问什么时候。When.

例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed? 六、同义句：be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.

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练习

11.Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12.My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

13.Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He __________ (go) to school by bike.

14.What do you usually do at weekends?

I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 15.It’s Friday today. What ___she ____ (do) this weekend? She ______(watch) TV and_______ (catch) insects.

16.What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 17.Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18.Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19.David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20.I ________________ (plan) for my study now

小学英语语法【四】一般过去时

一、一般过去时语法介绍

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 二、动词过去式变化规则

1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

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3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5．不规则动词过去式： 词义 是 是 成为 开始 弯曲 吹 买 能 捕捉 选择 来 切 做 画 饮 吃 感觉 发现 飞 读 骑、乘 响、鸣 跑 说 看见 扫 现在（原形） am, is (be) are (be) become begin bend blow buy can catch choose come cut do, does draw drink eat feel find fly read ride ring run say see sweep 过去式 was were became began bent blew bought could caught chose came cut did drew drank ate felt found flew read rode rang ran said saw swept 词义 忘记 得到 给 走 成长 有 听 受伤 保持 知道 学习 允许，让 躺 制造 可以 意味 会见 必须 放置 将 唱歌 坐下 睡觉 说 度过 现在（原形） forget get give go grow have, has hear hurt keep know learn let lie make may mean meet must put shall sing sit sleep speak spend 过去式 forgot got gave went grew had heard hurt kept knew learned, learnt let lay made might meant met must put should sang sat slept spoke spent （一） 用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now.

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