ORACLE常用傻瓜问题1000问 下载本文

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建sequence seq_custid

create sequence seq_custid start 1 incrememt by 1; 建表时:

create table cust

{ cust_id smallint not null, ...} insert 时:

insert into table cust

values( seq_cust.nextval,...) 日期的各部分的常用的的写法 119. 取时间点的年份的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY') FROM DUAL; 120. 取时间点的月份的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MM') FROM DUAL; 121. 取时间点的日的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD') FROM DUAL; 122. 取时间点的时的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24') FROM DUAL; 123. 取时间点的分的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MI') FROM DUAL; 124. 取时间点的秒的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SS') FROM DUAL; 125. 取时间点的日期的写法:

Select TRUNC(SYSDATE) FROM DUAL; 126. 取时间点的时间的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL; 127. 日期,时间形态变为字符形态:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE) FROM DUAL; 128. 将字符串转换成日期或时间形态:

Select TO_DATE('2003/08/01') FROM DUAL; 129. 返回参数的星期几的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'D') FROM DUAL; 130. 返回参数一年中的第几天的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDD') FROM DUAL; 131. 返回午夜和参数中指定的时间值之间的秒数的写法: Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SSSSS') FROM DUAL; 132. 返回参数中一年的第几周的写法:

Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'WW') FROM DUAL; 虚拟字段

133. CURRVAL 和 nextval 为表创建序列

Create SEQUENCE EMPSEQ ... ; Select empseq.currval FROM DUAL ; 自动插入序列的数值

Insert INTO emp

VALUES (empseq.nextval, 'LEWIS', 'CLERK', 7902, SYSDATE, 1200, NULL, 20) ; 134. ROWNUM 按设定排序的行的序号

Select * FROM emp Where ROWNUM < 10 ; 135. ROWID 返回行的物理地址

Select ROWID, ename FROM emp Where deptno = 20 ; 136. 将N秒转换为时分秒格式? set serverout on declare

N number := 1000000; ret varchar2(100); begin

ret := trunc(n/3600) || '小时' || to_char(to_date(mod(n,3600),'sssss'),'fmmi\分 \秒\;

dbms_output.put_line(ret); end;

137. 如何查询做比较大的排序的进程?

Select b.tablespace, b.segfile#, b.segblk#, b.blocks, a.sid, a.serial#, a.username, a.osuser, a.status

$sort_usage b $session a,v FROM v Where a.saddr = b.session_addr

orDER BY b.tablespace, b.segfile#, b.segblk#, b.blocks ; 138. 如何查询做比较大的排序的进程的SQL语句? select /*+ orDERED */ sql_text from $sqltext a v where a.hash_value = (

select sql_hash_value from $session b v where b.sid = &sid and b.serial# = &serial) order by piece asc ; 139. 如何查找重复记录? Select * FROM TABLE_NAME

Where ROWID!=(Select MAX(ROWID) FROM TABLE_NAME D

Where TABLE_NAME.COL1=D.COL1 AND TABLE_NAME.COL2=D.COL2); 140. 如何删除重复记录? Delete FROM TABLE_NAME

Where ROWID!=(Select MAX(ROWID) FROM TABLE_NAME D

Where TABLE_NAME.COL1=D.COL1 AND TABLE_NAME.COL2=D.COL2); 141. 如何快速编译所有视图? SQL >SPOOL VIEW1.SQL

SQL >Select ?Alter VIEW ?||TNAME||?

COMPILE;? FROM TAB; SQL >SPOOL OFF

然后执行VIEW1.SQL即可。 SQL >@VIEW1.SQL;

142. orA-01555 SNAPSHOT TOO OLD的解决办法

增加MINEXTENTS的值,增加区的大小,设置一个高的OPTIMAL值。

143. 事务要求的回滚段空间不够,表现为表空间用满(ORA-01560错误),回滚段扩展到达参数 MAXEXTENTS的

值(ORA-01628)的解决办法。

向回滚段表空间添加文件或使已有的文件变大;增加MAXEXTENTS的值。 144. 如何加密ORACLE的存储过程? 下列存储过程内容放在AA.SQL文件中

create or replace procedure testCCB(i in number) as begin

dbms_output.put_line('输入参数是'||to_char(i)); end;

SQL>wrap iname=a.sql;

PL/SQL Wrapper: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 22:26:48 2001 Copyright (c) oracle Corporation 1993, 2000. All Rights Reserved。 Processing AA.sql to AA.plb 运行AA.plb SQL> @AA.plb ; 145. 如何监控事例的等待?

select event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) \ sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) \ $session_Wait from v group by event order by 4; 146. 如何回滚段的争用情况?

select name, waits, gets, waits/gets \ from $rollname D $rollstat C, v v where C.usn = D.usn;

147. 如何监控表空间的 I/O 比例?

select B.tablespace_name name, B.file_name \A.phywrts pyw, A.phyblkwrt pbw

$filestat A, dba_data_files B from v where A.file# = B.file_id order by B.tablespace_name; 148. 如何监控文件系统的 I/O 比例?

select substr(C.file#,1,2) \e,1,30) \D.phyrds, D.phywrts

$filestat D $datafile C, v from v where C.file# = D.file#;

149. 如何在某个用户下找所有的索引?

select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name

from user_ind_columns, user_indexes

where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name and user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name, column_position; 150. 如何监控 SGA 的命中率?

select a.value + b.value \

round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) \ from $sysstat c $sysstat b, v $sysstat a, v v where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39 and c.statistic# = 40;

151. 如何监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率?

select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 \ (1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 \ $rowcache from v

where gets+getmisses <>0

group by parameter, gets, getmisses;

152. 如何监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率,应该小于1% ? select sum(pins) \ sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache $librarycache; from v

select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) \percent\

$librarycache; from v

153. 如何显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小?

select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size , sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size ,sum(error_size) error_size,

sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required

from dba_object_size group by type order by 2;

154. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率,应该小于1%

Select name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses, Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1, Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,

immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2 FROM $latch Where name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy'); v 155. 监控内存和硬盘的排序比率,最好使它小于 .10,增加 sort_area_size

$sysstat Select name, value FROM v Where name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts(disk)');

156. 如何监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句?

$sqltext b $session a, v Select osuser, username, sql_text from v where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece; 157. 如何监控字典缓冲区?

Select $LIBRARYCACHE; (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) \V

Select (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) \FROM $ROWCACHE; V

Select SUM(PINS) \$LIBRARYCACHE; EXECUTING\ 后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。

Select SUM(GETS) \GET MISSES\

FROM $ROWCACHE V 158. 监控 MTS

select busy/(busy+idle) \; from v 此值大于0.5时,参数需加大

select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) $queue where type='dispatcher'; \from v

select count(*) $dispatcher; from v $mts; select servers_highwater from v

servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时,参数需加大 159. 如何知道当前用户的ID号? SQL>SHOW USER;

或 SQL>select user from dual; 160. 如何查看碎片程度高的表?

Select segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents

FROM dba_segments Where owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_name

HAVING COUNT(*) = (Select MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);

162. 如何知道表在表空间中的存储情况?

select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents where tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and segment_type='TABLE' group by tablespace_name,segment_name ;

163. 如何知道索引在表空间中的存储情况?

select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_type='INDEX' and owner='&owner' group by segment_name;

164、如何知道使用CPU多的用户session?