内容发布更新时间 : 2025/2/1 23:45:35星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。
名 词
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。
如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。
如:book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。
如:bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以\辅音字母+y\结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。
如:city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。
如:half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5. 特例 [悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。] ① child → children
② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen policewoman-policewomen
③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话: oo变成ee。] ⑤ mouse-mice
⑥ fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话: 变复数时词形不变。] ⑦ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指\多个民族\。
三、 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义发生变化。 如:water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。 如:fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
*** 用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
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3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five________(people ) in his family. 6. Let's take________(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair). 12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please? 14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
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一般现在时
一般现在时的功能
1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与 always,often,usually,every day,sometimes等连用。 如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
2.表示客观事实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 3.用在格言或谚语中。如:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:
陈述句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。 如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词:
陈述句:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如:We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加\或\。 如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如:I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。 如:He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如:Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。 如:How does your father go to work?
第三人称单数 动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
一般现在时练习:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______ pass_____ __ carry _ ___come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ___ __ ___(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy ___ __ ____(be) in Class One. 3. We ___ __ ____(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick ___ __ ____(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ____ __ __ they _____ __ ___(like) the World Cup? 3