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2019届二轮复习语法专题 省略句考点学案

——规则点拨

一、英语中一些固定的省略结构

1．在以if, when, though, as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致且谓语动词是be，常将从句中的主语和动词be省略。

Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。

While cycling,don't forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。 2．由固定词组引导的疑问句。 What abouthaving a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？

How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一个人留在这里呢？ What if it's raining? 如果天下雨怎么办？ Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢？ 二、与不定式相关的省略

1．通常为了避免重复，在联系密切的语境中，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式常省略，只保留不定式符号to。

She went teaching because she wanted to(go teaching)． 她去教书，因为她想去。

2．如果不定式符号to后面是be时，要保留be。如果不定式用了完成时，要保留到助动词have。

The city now is much noisier than itused to be. 这个城市现在比过去喧闹多了。

3．如果不定式作表语，用于解释do的内容，to也常可省略。 What I did was (to) lay the table. 我所要做的是摆桌子。

——对点演练(单句语法填空)

1．Even the finest landscape, if seen (see) daily, becomes boring. 2．They think she may try to phone. If so,_someone must stay here. 3．When you are in trouble, why not turn to him for help?

一、特殊句式在语法填空中的命题点 1．考查倒装句

(2016·江苏高考改编)Not until recently ________ they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

解析：did not until放在句首，句子要使用部分倒装，根据语境使用一般过去时，故填助动词did。

2．考查强调句型

(2015·重庆高考改编)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.

解析：that 句意：巴赫死于1750年，但是直到19世纪初期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。本句将it was和设空处去掉后，剩余的部分仍然是一个完整的句子，句意完整，故判断为强调句式。被强调部分为“the early 19th century”，故填that。

3．考查祈使句

(2014·北京高考改编)________ (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.

解析：Observe if 引导宾语从句，设空处为主句动词，且表示祈使语气，故应用动词原形构成祈使句，故填Observe。

4．考查省略句

(2013·福建高考改编)Anyone, once ________ (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.

解析：tested 句中once(一旦)为连词，用于引导条件状语从句。分析句子结构可知，从句主语应为Anyone，test与Anyone之间为动宾关系，显然从句的完整形式应为“once anyone is tested positive for H7N9 flu virus”，而anyone is可以省略，故填tested。

二、特殊句式在短文改错中的命题点 考查祈使句

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”

解析：Turning→Turn 此处为祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up”和“Slow down”并列，故Turning改为动词原形Turn。

三、特殊句式在书面表达中的增分点 [增分技法]

1．使用完全倒装使句式富于变化。 ①上午传来了他被北京大学录取的消息。

In the morning came the news that he had been admitted to Peking University.

②在我们的教学楼的前面矗立着两棵大树，它们使得我们的校园更加美丽。 In front of the teaching building stand two huge trees, which add to the beauty of our schoolyard.

2．使用部分倒装使句式富于变化。

①只有通过每天花费至少两个小时学英语，你才能快速提高它。

Only byspending at least two hours learning English every day can you improve it quickly.

②当我把那个老人送到家后，我从来没有感到那么高兴过。 Never had I felt so happy when I sent the old man home. 3．使用强调句型使句式富于变化。

①当我们遇到麻烦时，我们总可以依靠的是我们的父母。

It is our parents that we can always depend on when we're in trouble. ②直到他的父母回来我才走。

It was not until his parents came backthatI left.