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轿车主减速器差速器设计

摘 要

汽车的驱动桥位于传动系的末端，其基本功用是增大由传动轴或者直接由变速器传来的转矩，将转矩分配给左右车轮，并获得差速要求。在驱动桥中，实现这一系列功用的主要部件有主减速器、差速器、半轴，还包括其他传动装置和桥壳。本设计主要就驱动桥的原理进行了仔细的了解与陈述，对桑塔纳2000的驱动桥中的主减速器、差速器、半轴等重要部件等进行了详细的设计。在设计过程中，根据汽车设计的原则与步骤，进行了详细的计算。在设计过程中，还分析了有关部件需要采用的方法、可行性方案讨论等，并对可能出现的故障进行了思考，最后就重要的部件与装配用工程图纸的方式展示。

关键词：驱动桥 主减速器 差速器 半轴

The Design of the main reducer and Differential

Abstract

Vehicle drive axle at the end of the transmission system, the basic skills to use is to increase the transmission came directly from the drive shaft or torque, the torque distribution to the left and right wheels, and get differential requirements. In the drive axle, the realization of the usefulness of the main parts of this series are the main reducer, differential, axle, but also other transmission devices and axle. The main design principle of the drive axle was carefully understanding and statement, Santana 2000, the main reducer drive axle, differential, axle and other important components such as a detailed design. In the design process, according to the principles of automotive design and procedures, carried out a detailed calculation. In the design process, but also analysis of the components need to adopt the method, the feasibility of the program discussions, and possible faults of thinking, the last on the important parts and the assembly showing the way with engineering drawings.

Keywords：Drive axle Main reducer Differential Axle

目 录

摘 要 .................................................................... i Abstract ................................................................... ii 目 录 .................................................................... iii 第一章 绪论 ................................................................ 1

1.1 选题的背景与意义 ................................................... 1 1.2 研究的基本内容 ..................................................... 1

1.2.1主减速器的作用 ................................................. 1 1.2.2主减速器的工作原理 ............................................. 1 1.2.3国内主减速器的状况 ............................................. 1 1.2.4国内与国外差距 ................................................. 2 1.3 课题研究内容 ....................................................... 2 第二章 驱动桥结构方案分析 .................................................. 4 第三章 主减速器的设计 ...................................................... 6

3.1 主减速器概述 ....................................................... 6 3.2 主减速器方案的选择 ................................................. 6 3.3 主减速器主从动齿轮的支承形式 ....................................... 6

3.3.1主动双曲面齿轮 ................................................. 6 3.3.2从动齿轮 ....................................................... 6 3.4 主减速器的基本参数选择与设计计算 ................................... 7

3.4.1主减速器计算载荷的确定 ......................................... 7 3.4.2主减速器基本参数的选择 ......................................... 9 3.4.3主减速器准双曲面圆锥齿轮的集合计算（由EXCEL生成） ............ 11 3.4.4主减速器准双曲面圆锥齿轮的强度计算 ............................ 16 3.4.5主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理 .................................... 19 3.4.6主减速器轴承的计算 ............................................ 20

第四章 差速器设计 ......................................................... 25