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模拟联合国领袖训练营必备英语专业词汇
A
弃权 Abstain
在一个关于实体性问题的投票中，代表除了可以选择“是”或者“否”，还可以选择“弃权”。这意味着此代表既不支持也不反对正在进行投票表决的决议。
During a vote on a substantive matter, a delegate may abstain rather than vote yes or no. This means that the delegate neither supports nor opposes the resolution on the go. 议程 Agenda
点名完毕后，委员会所设定的议题讨论顺序。
Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usually being set after the roll call. 修正案 Amendment
修正案是用来对正在讨论的决议草案提出修改意见的文件。修正案分为两种：友好修正案与非友好修正案。
Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft resolution. The two types of amendments are friendly amendment and unfriendly amendment. B
背景指导 Background Guide
背景指导是一份关于会议即将讨论议题的调研报告，一般由会议主席团撰写，并在会前分发给各国代表。
A background guide is a research report of topics on the conference written by the dais and distributed to the delegates before the conference. 约束力 Binding
约束力是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。安理会决议和联合国国际法庭的判决是具有约束力的；而联合国大会和经社委员会的决议不具有约束力。
Binding is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member States. Resolutions of Security Council and the International Court of Justice are binding. Decisions made by the General Assembly and Economic and Social Council are non-binding. 国家集团 Bloc
一组处于同一地理区域或者就某一议题有类似观点的国家。组成国家集团的决定性因素是具有共同的国家利益。
A bloc is a group of countries within a same geographical region or holding similar country positions on a particular topic. The determining factor in forming a bloc is sharing the common national interests. 集团领导者 Bloc Leader
在一个国家集团中充当着领导者的代表。
A bloc leader is the delegate who plays the leading role in a bloc. C
磋商 Caucus
磋商是正式辩论过程中一种深入讨论议题的方式。磋商分为两种类型：有主持核心磋商和自由磋商。 Caucus is a form of discussion in formal debate, in which delegates may discuss a subtopic more specifically. There are two types of caucus: moderated caucus and un-moderated caucus.
主席 Chair
主席是负责主持辩论、计时、裁决问题及动议，并执行会议流程的主席团成员。
Chair is a member of the dais who is responsible for moderating debate, timing, ruling on points and motions, and imposing the rules of procedure. 委员会 Committee
“委员会”是一个协商会议，一个由代表组成,按议事程序讨论议题并做出决策的有序组织。模拟联合国会议中的委员会大多模仿联合国主要机构、附属机构、规划署、基金会、调研及培训机构、特殊组织、实体和区域委员会建立。代表需依据所在委员会的职权范围和议事规则讨论相关议题。 A committee is a deliberative assembly, an organization comprising members who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions. In Model UN conference, committees are usually the simulations of principal organs, subsidiary bodies, programs, funds, research and training institutes, special organizations, entities or regional commissions of UN system. Delegates discuss relevant topics and resolutions according to the given functions, powers, and rules of procedure of the committees.
危机 Crisis
危机是会议进行当中，各国代表需要立即处理的突发性事件。模联会议中的危机一般由主席团在会前设置好，事件可能与代表们讨论的议题相关。事件的形式有若干种，可能是突发事件的新闻报道，可能是国际组织的文件，可能是相关人员的视频资料，也可能是外交官派出国政府发来的外交指令等。
“Crisis”, to which delegates must respond immediately, is an emergent matter or unexpected event that happens during a conference. Usually designed by the dais before the conference, a crisis may be related to the topic being discussed on the floor. The forms of crisis include news report, official document from international organizations, video profile, or directive from embassies or governments. D
主席团 Dais
主席团由主席、会议总监和主席助理组成，负责组织模拟联合国的会议。
Usually consisted of a Chair, a Director and a Rapporteur, a dais is a group of people in charge of a Model UN conference. 代表 Delegate
代表是模拟联合国会议中受委托或指派表达意见的人，可以代表一个联合国成员国，一个观察国，或一个国际组织。
Representing an UN Member State, an observer or an international organization, delegate is a person chosen or elected to express views in a Model UN conference. 代表团 Delegation
代表团是指模联会议中，在不同委员会代表同一个成员国或观察国的全体代表。代表团也指来自同一参与团体的所有代表，例如来自同一高中或大学的全体代表。
Delegation is a group of delegates representing the same UN Member State, an observer or an international organization in a Model UN conference. Delegation is also used to describe the delegates from the same participating group, e.g. the same high school or college. 会议总监 Director
会议总监是负责监督代表角色扮演、文件写作及议题调研的主席团成员。
Director is a member of the dais who is in charge of overseeing delegates’ role-playing, document writing and topic researching.
决议草案 Draft Resolution
决议草案是由代表草拟、为委员会所讨论的议题寻求解决方案的一种文件格式。如果被投票通过，那么决议草案就成为正式决议。在一个委员会中，有关同一个议题的决议草案只能通过一份。 Written by the delegates, draft resolution is a form of document that seeks to solve the issues addressed by a Model UN committee. If passed by the committee, the draft resolution will become a resolution. Only one draft resolution will be passed for each topic in a committee. 指令草案 Draft Directive
指令草案是针对危机处理的文件。指令草案的表决通过标志着危机的成功解决。指令草案由行动性条款构成。指令草案的行动措施要立即、有效，避免长远规划。代表可以对指令草案提出修正案，其中，非友好修正案也需要表决。
Draft directive is a form of document that aims at successfully solving the crisis. A draft directive is only composed by operative clauses. The actions taken under the directive need to be instant and effective instead of long-term. Amandments are welcome to a draft directive, of which the unfriendly ones shall be passed after votes. F
指导教师 Faculty Advisor
指导教师是负责指导学生运营模拟联合国社团并训练模联代表团的教学人员。
Faculty Advisor is a teacher or faculty responsible for advising students to run a Model UN club and training a delegation.
会议流程 Flow of the Debate
会议流程是模联会议中事件进行的顺序。
Flow of debate is the order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference. 正式辩论 Formal Debate
在一个模联会议中标准形式的讨论。代表按照发言名单确定的顺序在规定时间内进行演讲。
The standard type of debate at a Model UN conference, in which delegates speak for a certain period of time in the order based on the speakers’ list. 友好修正案Friendly Amendment
友好修正案是原决议草案全部起草国均赞成的对决议草案内容的改动。在全部起草国签字同意后，一份修正案便成为友好修正案，并自动被加入到原决议草案中。
A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree with. After the amendment signed by all of the draft resolution’s sponsors and approved by the committee director or president, it will be automatically incorporated into the resolution. G
槌 Gavel
主席用来维持模联委员会秩序的一个小木锤形状的工具。很多会议都把委员会中使用过的槌赠与主席团选出的该委员会的最佳代表。所以，这个词也常常用来指赠与最佳代表的奖励，哪怕事实上并没有。
The tool, shaped like a small wooden hammer, is used by the Chair to keep order within a Model UN committee. Many conferences give the gavel to the delegate recognized by the dais as the best in that