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武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计

目 录

摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 文献综述 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1磷酸的简介及发展 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2磷酸的生产原料和方法 ............................................................................................... 2 1.3湿法磷酸工艺 ................................................................................................................ 5 1.4硫酸法湿法磷酸生产工艺 .......................................................................................... 7 1.5湿法磷酸净化除氟方法 ............................................................................................. 11 第二章 工艺设计 .................................................................................................................... 13 2.1设计任务和产品概况 .................................................................................................... 13 2.2产品方案 ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.3湿法磷酸工艺流程 ........................................................................................................ 13 2.4操作制度 ........................................................................................................................ 14 第三章 工艺过程的衡算及设备选型 .................................................................................... 16 3.1物料平衡计算 ................................................................................................................ 16 3.2热量平衡计算 ................................................................................................................ 25 3.3主要的设备选型与计算 ................................................................................................ 29 第四章 三废的处理与综合利用 ............................................................................................ 36 4.1湿法磷酸装置的尾气来源与处理 ............................................................................ 36 4.2湿法磷酸中三废的综合利用 .................................................................................... 37 设计小结 .................................................................................................................................. 39 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................................... 40 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 41

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武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计

摘 要

本设计进行年产2.4万吨湿法磷酸生产工艺设计，根据磷矿石与硫酸反应生成磷酸和硫酸钙的原理来制取磷酸，即湿法磷酸，这种方法操作简便，对设备要求也不高。矿浆和硫酸反应经过萃取、过滤和洗涤等一系列步骤后得到磷酸，根据这一过程作出整个磷酸工段的工艺设计。由磷矿石的组成，磷矿和硫酸的反应原理以及反应中的机械损失，计算100kg磷矿所生产的磷酸量，并对各个小的工段进行物料衡算。再以100kg磷矿所计算的数据为依据对年产2.4万吨湿法磷酸的生产做热量衡算，由热量衡算中计算的数据来选取合适型号的设备并画出磷酸工段的工艺流程图。最后对生产过程中产生的废气、废水、废渣加以综合利用。 关键词：湿法磷酸；磷矿；硫酸

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武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计

Abstract

The design of an annual output of 24,000 tons of wet phosphoric acid production process design, based on the reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate to the system to take the principle of phosphoric acid, that is phosphoric acid, this method is simple, the equipment requirements are not high. Pulp and sulfuric acid after extraction, filtering and washing and a series of steps to get phosphoric acid,according to this process to make the whole sections of phosphate the process design. By the composition of phosphate rock, phosphate rock and sulfuric acid in the reaction mechanism and the mechanical loss reaction to calculate the production of phosphoric acid phosphate 100kg, and each small section in the material balance.Again with 100kg phosphate calculating based on data from 2.4 million tons of annual production of phosphoric acid do heat balance, heat balance in the final calculations based on the data to select the right type of equipment and construction section of the draw process phosphoric acid diagram.Finally produces in the process of production of the waste gas, waste water and waste residue to comprehensive utilization.

Keywords: Wet-process phosphoric acid；phosphate；sulfuric acid

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