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Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're \That's try. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the noon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up John! You'll be late for work again! The possible explanation to be trouble is that John is at his temperature and energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help. Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up late than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.

1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______. A . he refuses to follow his own energy cycle B . he is not sure when his energy is low C . he is a lazy person

D . he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening

正确答案:he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening

题目详解:所谓的“懒惰”实际上是因为这个人的能量在夜里已经达到顶峰。如果一个人不愿早起，那就说明他的能量顶峰不在早上。所以he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening是正确答案。

2. Which of the following statements may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

A . A change in a family member's energy cycle. B . Unawareness of energy cycles.

C . Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members. D . Familiar monologues.

正确答案:Unawareness of energy cycles.

题目详解:根据第二段的结尾：当家庭成员了解了彼此的能量周期，就可以避免一些争吵。那么显然很多争吵都是由于彼此之间没有意识到对方的能量周期而造成的。

3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______.

A . change his energy cycle B . get up earlier than usual C . go to bed earlier

D . overcome his laziness

正确答案:get up earlier than usual

题目详解:根据第三段倒数第二句话：如果一个人想在他的能量低潮期工作更有效率，那么就应该比平常起得早一些。

Human migrations (迁移) within recorded history have transformed the entire character of lands and continents and the composition of their racial, ethnic and language groups. The map of Europe, for example, is the product of several major early migrations involving the Germanic peoples, the Slaves, and the Turks. The overseas migration of Europeans during this period totaled about 60 million people. The largest migration in history has been called the Great Atlantic Migration from Europe to North America, the first major wave of which began in the 1840's with mass movements from Ireland and Germany. In the 1880's, a second and larger wave developed from eastern and southern Europe; between 1880 and 1910 some 17 million Europeans entered the United States. The total number of Europeans reaching the United States amounted to 37 million between 1820 and 1980. From 1801 to 1914 about 7. 5 million people moved from Europe to Asiatic Russia, and between World War I and II about 6 million more chose to move there, not counting the vast number of deportees (被遣返回国者) who were forced to go to Siberia's labor camps. Since World War II the largest migrations have involved groups from developing countries moving to the industrialized nations. Some 13 million people moved across borders to become permanent residents of Western Europe from the 1960's through the 1980's, and more than 10 million permanent immigrants were admitted legally to the United States in that same period, with illegal immigration adding several millions more. Slave migrations and mass expulsions (排斥) also have beer part of human history for thousands of years. The largest slave migrations were probably those compelled by European slave traders operating in Africa from the 16th to the 19th century; perhaps 20 million slaves were taken to the America, though a large number died in terrible conditions of the trip across the Atlantic Ocean. The largest mass expulsions have probably been those imposed by Nazi Germany, which deported 7 to 8 million persons during World War II. The major trend in internal migration during the 20th century has been the movement from rural to urban areas. As a consequence, urban growth since World War II has been very rapid in much of the world, particularly in developing countries.

________________________________________ 1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A . The first major wave of migration began in the 1840's.

B . The overseas migration of Europeans totaled about 60 million people. C . Human migrations within recorded history have changed the world. D . The map of Europe is the product of several major early migrations.

正确答案:Human migrations within recorded history have changed the world.

题目详解:主旨题，本文开宗明义，首句即点名主题，选项 Human migrations within recorded history have changed the world.恰是首句的简明说法，故为答案。 2. The following statements are true EXCEPT_________.

A . the largest mass expulsions have been those imposed by Nazi Germany B . the largest slave migrations were compelled by European slave traders

C . between World War I and II, about 6 million people migrated to Europe D . the largest migration in history has been called the Great Atlantic Migration 正确答案:between World War I and II, about 6 million people migrated to Europe 题目详解:是非题，本题[the largest mass expulsions have been those imposed by Nazi Germany]，[the largest slave migrations were compelled by European slave traders]，[the largest migration in history has been called the Great Atlantic Migration]三选项的细节散落在文章二三段，处理时要细心。

3. How many people moved across borders to become permanent residents of Western Europe from the 1960's through the 1980's? A . 17 million.

B . Some 13 million. C . 20 million.

D . More than 10 million.

正确答案:Some 13 million.

题目详解:细节理解题，本题依据是文章第二段最后一句话的前半句，即 “Some 13 million people…the 1980's”.

4. What had been the trend of migration during the 20th century? A . The movement from Europe to America. B . The movement from Africa to America. C . The movement from urban to rural areas. D . The movement from rural to urban areas.

正确答案:The movement from rural to urban areas. 题目详解:细节理解题，本题20世纪移民的趋势。答案在文章第三段倒数第二句话即 “The major trend in internal …has been the movement from rural to urban areas”故答案为The movement from rural to urban areas.

Many of THE CIRCUITS in the human central nervous system operate through crossed laterality - that is, the right hand is \to the left side of the brain, and vice versa. In at least 95 percent of right-handers the speech-language center is in the brain's left hemisphere. Yet only about 15 percent of left-handers are similarly hooked up, with speech controlled by the opposite, or right, hemisphere. According to Jerre Levy, a biopsychologist at the University of Chicago. About 70 percent of left-handers have speech controlled by the left side of the brain, while the remaining 15 percent have their language-control centers in both hemispheres. Broadly speaking, the left side of the brain is thought by some scientists to process linear, logical information, while the right side tends more towards processing emotion and mood. This may be why lefties are at significantly higher risk of schizophrenia, phobias and manic-depression, and in one study were shown to be three times more likely to attempt suicide. Although southpaws make up only ten percent of the population, they account for between 14 and 18 percent of those treated for alcoholism, according to Dr. Wayne P. London of Dartmouth Medical School. They can be more sensitive to a variety of other drugs too. Peter Irwin, a research scientist at Sandoz Institute in East Hanover, N. J, found that, after taking such medications as

aspirin, antidepressants, sedatives and antihistamines, lefties had greater changes in electrical activity in the brain than righties did. As if this weren't enough, southpaws appear to be twice as prone to autoimmune diseases, including diabetes, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis. With such liabilities, how have left-handers managed to survive at all? The good news is that there is a very bright side to being a lefty. Camilla Benbow, associate professor of psychiatry at Iowa State University, surveyed students who scored in the top 100th of one percent in math on the Scholastic Aptitude Test. She discovered that fully 20 percent of these math geniuses were left-handed - double the proportion of lefties in the population. Mensa, the high-I. Q. society, estimates that 20 percent of its members are left-handed. Indeed, the ability to integrate what some researchers call the more \left side of the brain and the more \or \right side may have helped lefties excel in many fields.

________________________________________ 1. What's the meaning of \laterality\

A . The human central nervous system is just like a circuit.

B . Right-handers' speech-language center is in brain's left-hemisphere, while left-handers' speech-language center is in brain's right-hemisphere.

C . The right hand is controlled by the left side of the brain, and the left hand is controlled by the right side of the brain.

D . The development of right and left side of brain is interactive.

正确答案:The right hand is controlled by the left side of the brain, and the left hand is controlled by the right side of the brain.

题目详解:文中有这样的句子：crossed laterality - that is, the right hand is \to the left side of the brain.破折号后就是对crossed laterality解释，表达方式略有不同。 2. Lefties are at higher risk of ______. A . being excited

B . mental diseases and disorders C . speech deficiency D . homicide

正确答案:mental diseases and disorders

题目详解:根据文中：This may be why lefties are at significantly higher risk of schizophrenia, phobias and manic-depression, and in one study were shown to be three times more likely to attempt suicide.都是与emotion和mood有关的病症。 3. Southpaws can be more sensitive to a variety of drugs means that ______. A . more of them are treated for alcoholism

B . they are easier to get addicted to some drugs

C . they have greater changes in electrical activity in the brain than righties D . drugs are more effective to them

正确答案:they have greater changes in electrical activity in the brain than righties 题目详解:文中指出：They can be more sensitive to a variety of other drugs.接下来说：lefties had greater changes in electrical activity in the brain than righties did.对其进

行了解释。

4. Which one is NOT an auto immune disease? A . Diabetes.

B . Rheumatoid arthritis. C . Manic-depression. D . Ulcerative colitis.

正确答案:Manic-depression.

题目详解:文中有句子：southpaws appear to be twice as prone to autoimmune diseases, including diabetes, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis,选项D. manic depression是在前文中提过的。

Parents who are otherwise exceedingly rational people can become irrational when it comes to their children. These so-called helicopter parents tend to overdramatize small incidents, give heavy weight to light concerns and take too seriously matters that don't warrant second thought. Happily, there are ways to counter the tendency towards over protectiveness. Here are some tips and strategies from family therapist David Anderegg. Don't schedule every free moment of your children's lives for fear they will get into trouble if left to their own devices. Take an attitude of benign neglect; Supervise by being there, being awake and paying attention. Be quietly available to your kids, and they will come to you with what's important. Accept your child's emotions, even negative ones. A child who has self-awareness develops more self-confidence and empathy for others and is less likely to bully or become a bully's victim. Don't always rescue them. Jumping in to solve all your children's problems sends the message that you don't believe they can do it themselves. While children who get into arguments with peers may need some guidance in effective communication, what they need even more is their parents' belief that they can sort it out themselves. This arms them with the courage to face challenges. Appear calm in the face of challenges. Demonstrate your faith in your child's ability to cope with new situations by appearing calm in potentially stressful situations such as her first day at school or going away to camp. Children are less anxious if their parents appear relaxed. Children keep a careful eye on adults' body language, too, so it is important to present a confident image both with words and actions. Discuss ways to handle tough situations. Have family discussions about what to do in tricky situations. Listen respectfully to each child's ideas without correcting or interrupting, even if he has some rather bizarre or violent suggestions. (This creates an atmosphere for parents to suggest a gentler approach.) ________________________________________ 1. \parents\means ______.

A . parents who are otherwise exceedingly rational people can become irrational when it comes to their children

B . parents who tend to overdramatize small incidents C . parents who can't put things in perspective D . parents who are too protective