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A . people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides B . diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure C . attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

D . people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

正确答案:people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides 题目详解:根据问题中?It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos' remarks?的提示，从文章最后一句中?Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides\ 含义相关。

A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them. This notion expresses itself in two ways. First, the problem of world overpopulation is supposed to apply to places like Asia and Latin America rather than to the United States. Second, family planning is supposed to be far more essential for poor people (and nations) than for the non-poor.

These are harmful fallacies. The fact is that in terms of polluting the environment and using up the Earth's resources the United States is one of the most overpopulated countries in the world. Nowhere is there more pollution per person than in the United States. The average American used more electric power than 55 Asians or Africans. The production of electric power is a prime producer of pollution. A single American accounts for more detergents, pesticides radioactive substances, fertilizers, fungicides and defoliants (脱叶剂) in the rivers and oceans than are produced by a thousand people in Indonesia-a nation that is generally cited as a prime example and benzopyrene (苯并芘) in the air than 200 Pakistanis or Indians. One American consumes three times more food than the average person who comes from places that account for two-thirds of the world's population. The average American is responsible for 2,500 pounds of waste per year-many times the world average. If abandoned refrigerators, automobiles, and other bulky objects were to be included, the figure would be astronomically higher.

The United States, with less than 2 percent of the world's people, accounts for almost 30 percent of poisons being dumped into the sky and the seas. The notion, therefore, that Americans are less of a drain on the Earth than Chinese or Indians, because there are so many fewer of us, is an absurdity and a dangerous one. The same hard facts apply to the argument that the size of a family should be governed by its income. Actually, the higher its income, the greater the total burden a family imposes on the environment, whether it is land use, combustion engines, highway construction, exhaust from jet planes, asbestos（石棉） in the air, or nonsoluble chemicals drained into the sea. Effluence and affluence have a way of going together.

________________________________________ 1. In paragraph 1, the author's opinion______. A . Is clearly stated

B . Is stated and agrees with the ideas presented in the paragraph

C . Is implied, but not directly stated, and disagrees with the ideas presented in the paragraph

D . Is neither implied nor directly stated

正确答案:Is implied, but not directly stated, and disagrees with the ideas presented in the paragraph

题目详解:依据问题中?In paragraph 1,?的提示，从第1段第2句中 \notion expresses itself in two ways\以及后面阐述的两个方面的因素 \to places like… be far more essential for poor people\提供的信息判断，选项中的\implied, but not directly stated, and disagrees with the ideas presented in the paragraph\符合题意。 2. These (in sentence 1, paragraph2) refers to ______. A . Paragraph 1, sentence 1 and 2

B . Paragraph 1, sentences 1, 3, and 4 C . Paragraph 1, sentences 2, 3, and 4 D . Paragraph 1, sentences 1, 2, 3, and 4

正确答案:Paragraph 1, sentences 1, 3, and 4

题目详解:依据问题中?These (in sentence 1, paragraph2) refers?的提示，从第1段第2句中?\notion\和第3句中的 \problem of world overpopulation\以及第4句中\y planning?提供的信息判断，选项中的\1, sentences 1, 3, and 4 \符合题意。 3. In paragraph 2, which of the following statements is the author's opinion rather than a fact? A . Sentence 3. B . Sentence 9. C . Sentence 1. D . Sentence 5.

正确答案:Sentence 1.

题目详解:依据问题中?which of the following statements?的提示，从第2段第1句中?These are harmful fallacies?提供的信息判断，选项中的\1\符合题意。

4. Paragraph 2, sentence 8: \American consumes three times more food than the average person who comes from places that account for two-thirds of the world's population.\This means that_____.

A . The food eaten by one non-American could feed three Americans

B . The food eaten by one American could feed three people in many other countries

C . Two-thirds of the people in the world eat much better food than Americans D . Two-thirds of the people in the world eat as much as Americans

正确答案:The food eaten by one American could feed three people in many other countries

题目详解:依据问题中?This means that?的提示，从第2段第8句中?…consumes three times more food than the average person who comes from places that account for two-thirds of the world's population?提供的信息判断，选项中的\food eaten by one American could feed three people in many other countries\符合题意。 5. According to the author, why is the US overpopulated?

A . Too many people pour into cities. B . Americans cause too much pollution.

C . Big cities are often very crowded during rush hour.

D . There are so many people living in the big cities and too little space for them. 正确答案:Americans cause too much pollution.

题目详解:依据问题中?why is the US overpopulated?的提示，从第2段第2句中?in terms of polluting the environment and using up the Earth's resources the United states is one of the most overpopulated countries in the world?提供的信息判断，选项中的\ericans cause too much pollution\符合题意。

Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference test for food. The most you can say about one's preference is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big Cola companies --Coca-cola and Pepsi -cola are marketed so aggressively, we have wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either coca-cola or Pepsi fans. Find your brand in a blind tasting.

We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-cola Classic or Pepsi-coke, or Diet Pepsi. These are people who thought they'd have no trouble in telling their brand from the other brand.

We eventually located 19 regular Cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants ?choices with what mere guess work could have accomplished.

Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse,--only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.

While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four sample wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price. ________________________________________

1. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to ______. A . reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers B . find out the role taste preference plays in a pers

C . show that a person's opinion about taste is mere-guess work D . compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks

正确答案:find out the role taste preference plays in a pers

题目详解:根据第一段句中\how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand lo

yalty 口味的爱好究竟在品牌的选择中起到什么作用\的提示，判断出与选项中的\out the role taste preference plays in a pers\语义相关。

2. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show ________. A . few people had trouble telling Coca-cola from Pepsi B . people's tastes differ from one another

C . Coca-cola and Pepsi are people's two most favorite drinks

D . there is not much difference in taste between Coca-cola and Pepsi

正确答案:there is not much difference in taste between Coca-cola and Pepsi

题目详解:根据最后一段最后一句中\few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price 接受口味实验的人中只有很少一部分人确实可以辨认出品牌的的味道和价格\的提示，判断出与选项中的\is not much difference in taste between Coca-cola and Pepsi\语义相关。

3. It is implied in the first paragraph that _______.

A . the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two Cola companies B . blind taste is necessary for identifying fans

C . the competition between the two colas is very strong D . the purpose of taste test is to promote the sale of Colas

正确答案:the competition between the two colas is very strong

题目详解:根据第一段第2句中\because the two big Cola companies … are marketed so aggressively 然而，因为两家可乐公司竞争如此剧烈\的提示，判断出与选项中的\e competition between the two colas is very strong\语义相关。

4. The word \3, Para.5)here refers to the state of ______. A . being unable to burn for lack of fuel

B . being unable to function because of excessive use C . being seriously burnt in the skin D . being badly damaged by fire

正确答案:being unable to function because of excessive use

题目详解:根据最后一段第3句中\fatigue, or taste burnout\的提示，判断出与选项中的%unable to function because of excessive use\语义相关。

5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to _________. A . argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy B . show that taste preference is highly subjective

C . recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas D . emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other

正确答案:show that taste preference is highly subjective

题目详解:根据第一段第一句中\is such a subjective matter that …口味是如此主观的一个问题 \的提示，判断出与选项中的 \that taste preference is highly subjective\语义相关。

If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the sub

traction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation-conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind: this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.

Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deepest portions of the oceans of the world. ________________________________________ 1. What does this passage mainly discuss? A . The formation of salt B . The evaporation of salt C . The subtraction of water

D . Conversion of liquid water to water vapor

正确答案:The formation of salt

题目详解:根据第一段文章最后一句 \by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained\中的\指的就是本段文章第四句中的\rsion of liquid water to water vapor\的提示，由此判断出与选项中的\formation of salt\语义相关。

2. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body of water can best be inferred from the passage?

A . The water temperature in the ocean is the most important factor.

B . Varieties of factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water. C . The quick water movement is directly related to the amount of salt. D . Ocean salinity has much effect on sea life.

正确答案:Varieties of factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.

题目详解:依据问题中\salinity of a body of water\的提示，从第一段文章第3句中\three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity \的提示，由此判断出与选项中的\of factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water\

语义相关。

3. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice? A . The salt is still in the water. B . The heavy water sinks.

C . The water becomes denser. D . Water salinity decreases.

正确答案:Water salinity decreases.

题目详解:依据问题中\result of the formation of ocean ice\的提示，从第四段文章第四句中的\directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity\的提示，由此判断出与选项中的\salinity decreases\语义相关。

4. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea in the last paragraph? A . to suggest that it has salinity variation.

B . To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters. C . To indicate the location of deep waters. D . To give an example of cold-water salinity.

正确答案:To give an example of cold-water salinity.

题目详解:依据问题中\Weddell Sea\的提示，从最后一段的第一句中的\densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process\的提示，由此判断出与选项中的\give an example of cold-water salinity\语义相关。 5. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans? A . It moves very quickly B . It is relatively warm C . It is relatively cold

D . Its salinity is relatively high

正确答案:Its salinity is relatively high

题目详解:依据问题中\water near the bottom of oceans\的提示，从最后一段最后一句中的\heavy water sinks and is found in the deepest portions of the oceans of the world.\的提示，由此判断出与选项中的\salinity is relatively high\语义相关。