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岳麓书院历史沿革
岳麓书院是中国最古老的书院之一,北宋开宝九年(公元976年)创办，历经宋、元、明、清各个朝代，迨及晚清(1903年)改为湖南高等学堂，相继改为湖南高等师范学校，1926年定名湖南大学，历史已逾千年。由古老的书院到湖南大学，一脉相承，弦歌不绝，被当世学者誉为罕见的“千年学府”。
As one of the four most prestigious academies over the last 1000 years in China, Yuelu Academy has been a famous institution of higher learning as well as a centre of academic activities and cultures since it was formally set up in the ninth year of the Kai Bao Reign of the Northern Song Dynasty (976). Yuelu Academy, surviving the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, was converted into Hunan Institute of Higher Learning in 1903, and Hunan Normal College, Hunan Public Polytechnic School in succession, and was finally named Hunan University in 1926. The Academy has witnessed a history of more than one thousand years without a break, so it is called a “one-thousand-year-old academy”. The historical transformation from Yuelu Academy to Hunan University is an epitome of the development of China’s higher education, which mirrors the vicissitudes of China’s education system.
岳麓书院开放时间：
7:30----18:00 （5月1日至10月31日） 8:00----17:30 （11月1日至4月30日） 门票：￥30元
义务讲解时间：9:00----10:00 15:00----16:00 义务讲解每天3场 编钟免费演奏时间：9:00----9:20 15:00----15:20 院内还设有书店、纪念品商店、茶座等。 Open Hours:
7:30- 18:00 (May 1- October 31) 8:00- 17:30 (November 1- April 30) Cost: ￥30
Guide: 9:00- 10:00 & 15:00- 16:00 (3 times everyday) Carillon Show(FREE!)：9:00- 9:20 & 15:00- 15:20
岳麓书院是中国古代四大书院之一，历史上著名的高等学府及学术文化中心。岳麓书院自北宋开宝九年（976）正式创立以来，历经宋、元、明、清各代，至清光绪二十九年（公元1903年）改为湖南高等学堂，尔后相继改为湖南高等师范学校、湖南公立工业专门学校，1926年正式定名湖南大学。历时千年，弦歌不绝，故世称“千年学府”。从岳麓书院至湖南大学的千年办学历史，反映了中国教育制度的变迁，是我国高等教育发展史的一个缩影。
As one of the four most prestigious academies over the last 1000 years in China, Yuelu Academy has been a famous institution of higher learning as well as a centre of academic activities and cultures since it was formally set up in the ninth year of the Kai Bao Reign of the Northern Song Dynasty (976). Yuelu Academy, surviving the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, was converted into Hunan Institute of Higher Learning in 1903, and Hunan Normal College, Hunan Public Polytechnic School in succession, and was finally named Hunan University in 1926. The Academy has witnessed a history of more than one thousand years without a break, so it is called a “one-thousand-year-old academy”. The historical transformation from Yuelu Academy to Hunan University is an epitome of
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the development of China’s higher education, which mirrors the vicissitudes of China’s education system.
岳麓书院创立伊始，即以其办学和传播学术文化而闻名于世。北宋真宗皇帝召见山长周式，颁书赐额，岳麓之名始闻于天下，有“潇湘洙泗”之誉。南宋张栻主教，理学史上颇负盛名的“湖湘学派”即发展于此；朱熹两度讲学，书院盛极一时，出现了“座不能容”、“饮马池水立涸”的盛况。其后，明代中叶的阳明学、明末的东林学、清乾嘉时期的汉学及晚清的新学，都曾在此得以传习和交流。岳麓书院的学术与教育，对湖湘文化传统的形成和发展产生了深刻的影响。
Shortly after its establishment, Yuelu Academy was known throughout the whole of China for its style of school management and its role in the dissemination of academic learning. When Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty summoned the dean, Zhou Shi, to an interview, and conferred upon the Academy his Majesty’s inscription, Yuelu Academy vaulted into great fame, and enjoyed the reputation “xiao xiang zhu si”, meaning it was a place in Hunan where great scholars assembled. It is right here that the renowned “Huxiang School of Learning” in the history of the li philosophy (the philosophy of principle) began to gain currency when Zhang Shi lectured in the Academy in the Northern Song Dynasty. And when Zhu Xi came here twice to give lectures, so popular were the lectures that ? there were too many visitors for the Academy to seat, and the water in the Yinma Pond (the Horse-Watering Pond) was drained by their horses. Later on, the Academy saw other learning and ideas promulgated and exchanged such as the Yangming School in the midst of the Ming Dynasty, the Donglin School in the last years of the Ming dynasty, the Han School of the Qian Long and the Jia Qing Reigns (1736-1821) and the New Learning of the last years of the Qing Dynasty. The academic learning and education system of Yuelu Academy have had a far-reaching impact on the formation and development of Hunan’s cultural tradition.
今日的湖南大学已发展成为一所理、工、农、商的多学科协调发展的综合性大学。修复后的岳麓书院，被列为全国重点文物保护单位，仍担负着学术研究和培养人才的重任。千年学府正在续写新的历史篇章。
Today, Hunan University has grown into a comprehensive university with a balanced development of various disciplines. It focuses on engineering subjects, but also has a solid foundation in science subjects. Its liberal arts are grounded in a unique culture, and the economics courses have characteristics of their own, too. Yuelu Academy, which has undergone restorations, has been listed as a key historical site under the state protection. It still shoulders the responsibility of conducting academic researches and training professionals. A new chapter of the history of
the one-thousand-year-old academy is being written.
岳麓自古就是文化名山。西晋以前为道士活动据点。曾建万寿宫、崇真观等。西晋泰始四年（268年）麓山寺创立。东晋陶侃曾建杉庵读书于此。六朝建道林寺。唐代马燧建“道林精舍”。唐末五代智璇等二僧建屋办学，形成书院的雏形。北宋开宝九年（公元976年），潭州太守朱洞因袭扩建，创立岳麓书院；大中祥符八年（公元1015年），宋真宗召见山长周式，赐“岳麓书院”额，岳麓书院遂为全国四大书院之一。南宋时期张栻主教，湖湘学派发展到最盛；乾道三年（公元1167年），朱熹来访，与张栻论学，开书院会讲之先河，由此形成以朱张之学为正宗的学术传统。元承宋制，书院办学继续发展，规制日趋完备。但因元末战乱，书院毁于战火。
Yuelu Hill has been a famed cultural hill from time immemorial. It was frequented by Taoists before the Western Jin Dynasty (265-317). At one time, the Wanshou Temple and the Chongzhen Temple were built here on the hill. The Lushan Temple was set up in 268. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty
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(317-420), Tao Kan built a hut, named Shan'an Cottage, and studied here. In the Six Dynasties period (the 3rd-6th Century AD), the Daolin Temple was built up, and in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Ma Sui had his study, Daolin Cottage, built here. When Zhi and Rui, two monks, built houses and ran a school here in the Five Dynasties period (907-960) at the end of the Tang Dynasty, Yuelu Academy began to take shape. In 976, Zhu Dong, Prefect of Tanzhou, expanded the houses in the original place and set up Yuelu Academy.
In 1015, Emperor Zhenzong summoned the then dean of Yuelu Academy, Zhou Shi, to an interview, and awarded him a plaque bearing his Majesty's writing \its mark as one of the four most prestigious academies in China. By the time in the Southern Song Dynasty when Zhang Shi lectured in the Academy, the Huxiang School was in its heyday. In 1167, Zhu Xi paid a visit to the Academy, where he discussed the scholarly questions together with Zhang Shi. This inaugurated the practice of co-lecturing in the academy. And the orthodoxy academic tradition of Zhu and Zhang's learning thus formed. The Yuan Dynasty inherited the education system of the Song Dynasty and the Academy continued to grow while further perfecting its institutional arrangements. However, the Academy was burnt down in the wars at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
自明宣德始，经地方官员陈钢、杨茂元、王韬、吴世忠等多次修复扩建，岳麓书院主体建筑第一次集中在中轴线上，主轴线前延至湘江西岸，后延至岳麓山巅，配以亭台牌坊，于轴线一侧建立文庙，形成了书院历史上亭台相济、楼阁相望、山水相融的壮丽景观。书院的讲学、藏书、祭祀三大功能得到了全面的恢复和发展，奠定了现存建筑基本格局。
明代岳麓学术仍以朱张之学为正宗。正德以后，王阳明及其弟子先后至此讲学，传播心学。明末，东林学派高世泰讲学书院，岳麓学术传统重新得以发展。
自明宣德始，经地方官员陈钢、杨茂元、王韬、吴世忠等多次修复扩建，岳麓书院主体建筑第一次集中在中轴线上，主轴线前延至湘江西岸，后延至岳麓山巅，配以亭台牌坊，于轴线一侧建立文庙，形成了书院历史上亭台相济、楼阁相望、山水相融的壮丽景观。书院的讲学、藏书、祭祀三大功能得到了全面的恢复和发展，奠定了现存建筑基本格局。
明代岳麓学术仍以朱张之学为正宗。正德以后，王阳明及其弟子先后至此讲学，传播心学。明末，东林学派高世泰讲学书院，岳麓学术传统重新得以发展。
Since the Xuan De Reign of the Ming Dynasty (1426-1436), Yuelu Academy underwent repeated renovations and extensions by such local officials as Chen Gang, Yang Maoyuan, Wang Tao and Wu Shizhong. After these overhauls, the main buildings of the Academy was for the first time aligned along the central axis, which stretches forward to the western bank of the Xiangjiang River, and backward to the top of Yuelu Hill. Pavilions and decorative archways scatter alongside the axis. To top it off, on one side of the axis stands the Confucian Temple. The overall layout forms a spectacular sight, which fuses the beauty of pavilions and houses, and also borrows the vivacity and briskness of the Hill and the River. The Academy resumed and further developed its three main functions- teaching, maintaining the library and offering sacrifice. From then on, the basic architectural and landscape design that we observe today was established.
Zhu and Zhang's theories were still esteemed as the orthodox in the Academy in the Ming Dynasty. After the Zheng De Reign (1506-1521), Wang Shouren and his disciples came here to lecture on the xin philosophy (the philosophy of mind) in succession. At the end of the Ming Dynasty when Gao
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