中考英语专题复习十主谓一致动词短语 下载本文

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中考英语专题复习十:主谓一致考点讲解和训练

谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓 一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致的原则

(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

Both he and I are right.

Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

The poet and writer has come.

(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用

单数形式。例如:

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.

(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍

用单数。例如:

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动

词要用复数。例如:

A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy.

(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready?

Somebody is using the phone.

(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主

语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往

往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:

Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则

(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:

Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear.

(2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用

单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如: My family is big one.

My family are watching TV.

(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意

义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如: All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.

(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用

复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:

Who is your brother?

Who are League members?

(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而

定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:

It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;

如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:

I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.

Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容

为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

What she said is correct.

What she left me are a few old books.

(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动

词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person. 3. 邻近一致的原则 (1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如

果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:

Either you or I am right.

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. (2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it.

(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。

(4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.

中考英语专题复习十一:短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练

短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语

动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。 1. 短语动词的分类 (1)动词+介词

常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如: Don’t laugh at others.

Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2)动词+副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如: You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don’t forget to hand it in.

(3)动词+副词+介词

常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如: Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4)动词+名词+介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如: You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5)动词+形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如: The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6)动词+名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如: This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 2. 短语动词的辨析

(1)be made in(在……生产或制造),be made of(由……组成或构成) (2)come down(下来;落),come along(来;随同),come to oneself(苏醒),come true(实现),come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come over(过来;顺便来访),come in(进来),come on(来吧;跟着来;赶快), come up with(找到;提出)

(3)do one’s best(尽最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作业),do some reading(阅读)

(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在…..后面),fall off(从……掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)

(5)get down(下来;落下),get on(上车),get to(到达),get up(起床),get back(回来;取回),get off(下来),get on well with(与……相处融洽),get married(结婚),get together(相聚)

(6)give up(放弃),give…a hand(给与……帮助),give a concert(开音乐会)

(7)go back(回去),go on(继续),go home(回家),go to bed(睡觉),go over(过一遍;仔细检查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走错路),go on doing(继续做某事),go shopping(买东西),go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿着……一直往前走)

(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(进行体育活动), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(过得愉快), have a headache(头痛),have a try(尝 试;努力)

(9)look for(寻找),look out(留神; 注意),look over(仔细检查),look up(向上看;抬头看),look after(照顾; 照看),look at(看; 观看),look like(看起来像),look the same(看起来像),