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catti三级笔译实务专项练习-工业发展(Industry)

一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题11小题．共50.0分。Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ）

第1题 We are soberly aware that China remains the world's largest developing country, with a large population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, and challenges of unparalleled magnitude and complexity. 【正确答案】：

我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。中国人口多、底子薄、发展很不平衡，在发展中遇到的矛盾和问题，无论是规模还是复杂性，都是世所罕见的。

第2题 Britain's largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains one of the world's major steel-producing nations.

【正确答案】：

英国最大的制造业是钢铁工业，而且英国一直是世界重要钢铁生产国之一。 第3题 The unprecedented high-level exchanges between the two sides have given a strong boost to the strategic mutual trust and the overall improvement and growth of the China-US relations. 【正确答案】：

双方高层接触之多前所未有，大大增加了两国战略互信，推进了中美关系的改善和发展。

第4题 The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world.

【正确答案】：

汽车工业是世界上最重要的工业，它不仅影响世界经济，也影响世界文化。 第5题 Being the world's fourth largest exporter of medicines, Britain's pharmaceutical industry has some of the world's largest multinational research-intensive manufacturers. 【正确答案】：

作为世界第四大药品出口国，英国制药业拥有一些世界上最大的跨国研究型生产商。

第6题 Ranked as one of the most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2,000 companies. 【正确答案】：

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作为英国最重要的工业，汽车配件工业拥有2000多家公司。

第7题 The footwear manufacturing industry is made up predominantly of small companies, increasingly under pressure from imports. 【正确答案】：

鞋、袜制造业主要是一些小型企业，它们越来越受到进口的压力。

第8题 Bio-medicine production, well-knows as a \remaining stagnant for years, was showing vigor of growth. 【正确答案】：

生物制药，作为“金色产业”多年来一直处于停滞状态，开始显示出勃勃生机。 第9题 A sound China-U. S. relationship serves the fundamental interest of the two countries and their people, and the peace, stability and development of the Asia-Pacific region and the world as well. 【正确答案】：

一个良好的中美关系符合两国和两国人民的根本利益，也有利于亚太乃至世界的和平、稳定与发展。 第10题 China's WTO entry makes it imperative for enterprises to increase their competitive power, and for industries to establish their comparative advantages. 【正确答案】：

中国加入WTO迫切要求企业加强竞争力，确立产业竞争优势。 第11题

obal Industrialization

Industrialization changed the world. Few places on earth have escaped its impact. However, the nature of the impact varies from place to place. Understanding the global consequences of industrialization requires an understanding of how industrialization differed in each place.

Industrialization is always initially a regional, not a national, phenomenon as demonstrated by the long industrial lag of the American South. Many other parts of Western Europe plus the United States followed Britain in the early 19th century. A few other European regions -- Sweden, Holland, northern Italy -- began serious industrialization only at mid-century. The next big wave of new industrialization, beginning around the 1880s, embraced Russia and Japan. A final round (to present) included the rapid industrialization of the rest of the Pacific Rim (especially South Korea and Taiwan) by the 1960s.

Various factors shaped the nature of industrialization in each place. In Britain, for example, industrialization succeeded when it depended on

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individual inventors and relatively small companies. It began to lag, however, in the corporate climate of the later 19th century. In contrast, Germany surged forward when industrialization featured larger

organizations, more impersonal management structures, and collaborative research rather than artisan-tinkerers. In Germany, the state was also more directly involved in industrialization than in Britain.

French industrialization emphasized updated craft products. This reflected not only earlier national specialties, but also less adequate resources in coal, a factor that held heavy industry back. Furniture workers, for example, used pre-set designs to turn out furniture quickly, but they resented dilutions of their artistic skill. The United States' industrialization depended on immigrant labor. Unlike Germany, however, the United States introduced laws that combated businesses big enough to throttle competition, though the impact of these laws was uneven. The United States with its huge market also pioneered the new economic stage of mass consumerism that ultimately had a worldwide impact.

The consequences of industrialization are, ultimately, global. By the early 19th century, Europe's factories pushed back more traditional manufacturing in areas like Latin America and India. At the same time, industrial centers sought new food resources and raw materials, prompting these sectors to expand in places like Chile and Brazil.

Gradually, however, other societies copied industrialization or at least developed an independent industrial sector. Much of 20th-century world history, in fact, involves efforts by societies like India, China, Iran, or Brazil to reduce their dependence on imports and mount a selective export operation through industry. Industrialization's environmental impact has also been international. Industrialization quickly affected local water and air quality around factories. Industrial demands for agricultural products, like robber, caused deforestation and soil changes in places like Brazil. These patterns have accelerated as industrial growth has spread more widely, creating modern issues such as global warming. The world impact of industrialization, in these senses, remains an unfinished story as the 21st century begins.

Given the global impact of industrialization, it is increasingly important that we understand its nature and its consequences. Whereas the impact of industrialization is easy to understand on a personal level -- how it affects where and how we work or live our lives -- it is more difficult to understand its nature on a global level, particularly when its global pattern is so complex. History provides a means toward this understanding. By understanding the causes, the variations, and the historic consequences of the Industrial Revolution, we can better understand our present circumstances and, hopefully, shape future industrializations for the good.

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