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存在,但没有人听。她静静地请求帮助,但是没有人听见。或关心。在 least not enough. The anger I felt at this \ 至少不够的。我的愤怒感到在这个“不要不在乎”的态度 significantly lessened after all this time. 这段时间显著降低。 Unit 6 第六单元

The Culture of \

“领先的文化来,

Advance notice is often referred to in America as \ 通知在美国常被称为“交货期,”表示的

significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most 重要的意义,在一种文化,在时间表是很重要的。而据了解非正式地,最多

of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the 我们都很熟悉如何操作,在自己的文化中,虽然我们不能说的

rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been 规则技术上。交货时间的规则在其他一些文化中,然而,人们很少

analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. 分析。在最他们广为人知的经验,那些在国外住了一段时间。

Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for 然而认为是多么的重要,知道有多少时间是要准备的人,或者

them to prepare themselves, for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very 他们准备自己,因为事情。有时他们会时间会显得很

extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long. 延长。在其他时候,在中东,任何一段时间超过星期可能太长了。

How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an 不同处理方式多大的麻烦时间可以有精美的插图的具体俺

American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attache of our embassy in a Latin country. 美国agriculturalist指定责任作为一种封装在拉丁美国大使馆的国家。

After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on 在经过似乎一个合理的时间内他让大家知道他想叫

the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not 这位部长谁是他的配偶。由于种种原因,提出的时间

suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit 合适的,各种线索回到效果当时时机未成熟去看望他的祖父

the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which was 部长。我们的朋友,然而,坚持并迫使预约,这是

reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he 不情愿地同意。到了小之前到达(美国尊重图案),他

waited. The hour came and passed; five minutes—ten minutes—fifteen minutes. At this point 等待。时候到了,并通过;5 minutes-ten minutes-fifteen分钟。在这一点上

he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the 他建议对秘书说的也许部长却不知道他是等在

outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to

办公室外间。这给了他一种感觉他没有什么具体,也帮助

overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutes—twenty-five minutes

克服十分焦虑不安的他。20 minutes-twenty-five分钟 —thirty minutes—forty-five minutes (the insult period)! minutes-forty-five分钟(对风车时间)!

He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been \ 他跳了起来,叫秘书,他已经被“镇定他的脚跟”在办公室外间

for forty-five minutes and he was \ 为45分钟,他是“该死的烦透了”的这种类型的治疗。这

message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, \ 信息是转交给部长,他们说,事实上,“让他冷静他的脚跟。”这 attache 's stay in the country was not a happy one. 封装的那呆在这个国家的不是一个幸福的家庭。

The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the 误解的主要来源躺在的事实是,在国家的问题

five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, 五分钟的延迟时间不是很显著。45分钟,另一方面,

instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To 而不是最差的等待标准来才刚刚开始。到

suggest to an American 's secretary that perhaps her boss didn't know you were there after 建议美国的那秘书,也许她的老板不知道你在那里以后

waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about \your heels\

等待六十秒似乎荒谬的,必要时可以提高风暴关于“冷却你的高跟鞋”

for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of 五分钟。但这正是注册了的投诉的部长

the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally 美国在他的办公室外间!他认为,像往常一样,美国人被完全医好 unreasonable. 不合理的。

Throughout this unfortunate episode the attache was acting according to the way he had been 在这一不幸事件的随员的行为是按照

brought up. At home in the United States his responses would have been normal ones and his 长大的。美国在家里的意见将会是普通电池和他的朋友们的

behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing 行为正确的。然而,即使他已经告诉他离家前,这类的事情

would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept 要发生的事,他会有困难没有感觉到侮辱他保存

waiting for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the 等待45分钟。另一方面,如果他所受教育的细节

local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would 当地时间系统只是,他应该被教当地的口语,那样

have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.

可能他调整自己进行相应的调整。

Pace of Life 生活节奏

You and I agree to meet at four-thirty. I show up at 4: 33. I don't say anything, because 你和我同意见面四点半了。我出现在4:33。我什么都不要说,因为

that's close enough to satisfy our social contract. Only after five minutes do you expect me 真够悬的足够使我们的社会契约。只有五分钟后你指望我来了 to say, \ 说:“对不起,我迟到的。”

At ten minutes I owe you an explanation: \ 在十分钟,我欠你一个解释:“高速公路出口是关闭的。我必须去共四人

miles out of my way.\ 公里)的方向。”20分钟后,我必须充分和严重的道歉。在 forty minutes I 'd better not show up at all. 40分钟,我最好不要露面。

That sort of thing—so formally observed and never explicitly stated—drives people from 那种thing-so,不明确stated-drives正式观察人

other cultures crazy. Anthropologists list the toughest things to cope with in a foreign 其他文化疯了。人类学家列表最艰难的事情要应付在外国 land. Second only to language is the way we deal with time. 土地。仅次于语言是我们的方式处理时间。

Now psychologists look at our view of time another way. They go into several countries and 心理学家现在时间观点看一下我们的另一种方式。他们往几个国家和

measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city 测量了生活的节奏。他们测量精度的时钟和银行有多快的城市

dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how long people 居民走路。携带银行、邮局等交易。他们认为多长时间的人 take to answer questions. 要回答问题。

Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are 日本保持最快的速度。美国人是一个密切的第二。意大利和印尼有

at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians don't 排在最后。意大利人给长回答你的问题。印尼人不 give a fig about setting their bank clocks. 给无花果关于树立自己的银行的时钟。

Among American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, 在美国的城市,波士顿和堪萨斯城是最快。纽约是,当然,

but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. California 's \ 不过我们留有这里快的速度在休斯敦。加州的“悠閒的“信誉是该当的。 The slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles. 所有的最低水平保持在洛杉矶。

Finally, we look at heart disease. That's tricky, because other factors are involved. Our 最后,我们看心脏病。这是非常困难的,因为其他因素有关。我们

heart 's greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep.

心很最大的敌人是烟草。但是心脏病也与我们保持节奏。 Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it. 吸烟的人自己开车真是提出需求。

Now it's 4: 55. I 'm strolling, unhurried, toward our 4: 30 meeting. I 'm thinking about 现在是4:55岁了。“我漫步,从容,向我们的4点30会议。“我想 something Isaac Watts, the English poet, wrote: 以撒瓦的能量,同样的东西英国诗人写道: Time, what an empty vapour it is; 时间的话,一个空的蒸汽, And days how swift they are! 又一天如何迅速!

Swift as an Indian arrow flies, 印度快快箭飞,

Or like a shooting star. 或像一颗流星。

That tension soaks through our view of time. Can we see time as an empty vapor? Or do our 我们认为这种张力泡通过。我们能看到时间空虚的蒸汽吗?或做我们的

technologies define time and bind us to it? In a technology-dense world, we too often let 技术定义的时间和使我们呢?在technology-dense世界,我们也常常让 time turn into an Indian arrow—one aimed at our heart. 时间变成一个印度arrow-one针对我们的心里。

So the clock ticks, and we ask: Is time an arrow we must dodge or vapor we can ignore? If we

所以钟滴答响,我们问:是时候箭我们必须躲避或蒸汽我们可以忽略?如果我们

're smart, we live by the clock only when we have to. Otherwise, we sit back and play. We 真是聪明,我们生活的闹钟只有当我们没有别的办法。否则,我们坐下来,玩。我们 know how to let time be only vapor, after all. 知道如何让时间只有蒸汽。

The Worst Scare of My Life 我一生中最糟糕的恐慌

In November, 1969, I was working for the federal government in Champaign, Illinois, where I

在11月,1969年,我就职于联邦政府在原野,伊利诺斯州,在那里我

was a security guard at their Nike Hercules Missile Base. The base, located on Lake Shore 是一名保安人员在他们的耐克大力神导弹基地。基础,位于湖岸走去

Drive near Chicago, was. surrounded by water and rock-filled banks. It was my job to check 开车芝加哥附近,四面环水,在。rock-filled银行。那是我的工作来确定一下 all the guard points, making sure the base was secure. 所有的后卫分,确保基地很稳固。

When I arrived late one afternoon at the security office for my shift, I noticed a warning 当我到达时,一个下午晚些时候在安全办公室,我注意到一我值班的警告呢

posted on the boards: large parts of the fencing on the west side of the lake had been cut 张贴在板:大部分的击剑在湖的西侧已经中断了

and not yet repaired. I immediately called my supervisor Colonel Stabler in Champaign to

并且没有修好了。我马上打电话给我的主管在原野实验上校

report the problem. In response, Colonel Stabler told me to act as a sentinel relief man and 报告这个问题。作为回应,上校比较稳定告诉我作为救济的人,铁卫军

double-check all stations. As each guard reported in, I would re-walk the area to see if the 再次确认所有的电台。当每一个后卫报道,我将re-walk的区域,看看 guard had missed anything. 卫欠缺。

As night came on, there was a misty rain, and the fog from the lake began forming a heavy 当夜幕来到时,有雾雨,雾从湖泊开始形成一个重

cloud around the area, limiting vision to a few feet. At 11: 45 p.m., one of the guards 云在这附近,限制视觉几英尺。11点45点,”一个守卫

reported another section of the fence cut on the west side of the base. I immediately 报道围墙的另一个部分切西边的基地。我立刻

fastened on my pistol and headed for the area. When I arrived, a ghostly object startled me, 系在手上,走向区域。当我到达时,诡异的对象吓了我一跳——, moving along the shoreline. Then a loud splash sounded in the water. 行进中海岸线。然后咕咚听起来在水里。

In a virtual panic, I locked and loaded my weapon. In the next instant, a white figure 在一个虚拟的恐慌,我锁着的,装我的武器。在接下来的一瞬间,一个白色的人物

suddenly loomed up from the lake shore. \ 中隐约出现突然从湖岸走去。“一个鬼!”我想。我很苦恼,恐惧,我

couldn't scream, and my gun slipped from my lifeless fingers. As I stood frozen in my 不能尖叫声,和我的枪脱我毫无生气的手指。当我站在冻结在我的

tracks, the phantom moved steadily closer, signaling for me to approach. When it approached 铁轨,幻影稳步更近,我去接触信号。当它接近

within a few feet, I bolted, fleeing the area as fast as I could, run. 在几脚,我该地区螺栓,逃跑不能再快了,快跑。

When I got back to the security post, I dialed the lake patrol with shaking hands, demanding 当我回到安全岗位上,我拨通了这个湖巡逻,要求与握手

that they search the area. Shortly afterward, they captured an escaped mental patient who 他们搜索区域。不久,他们抓住一名逃跑的精神病人

admitted walking through the area. Under questioning, the man claimed he was a ghost from 承认穿越地区。在被问到,男人认为他是一个鬼

the past. In his escape, he had fitted a large bed sheet over his body, cutting crude holes 过去。在逃亡期间,他装了一把大床单对他的身体、切削粗糙的洞

for his eyes and mouth. Still a bit shaky, I called the mental institution to confirm the 他的眼睛和嘴。还有些惴惴不安,打电话给我的精神治疗机构确认 man 's escape, and directed the security team to escort him back. 人的s逃脱,并指导安全队带他回来。

When I reported the incident to Colonel Stabler the next day, he said, \ 当我报道上校这件事更稳定,第二天,他说,“拉里,有吗

show on tonight you should go and see.\the

今晚节目,你应该去看。”我说:“什么片子吗?”他笑着说:“美国华盛顿州动物园的了