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1. 1) startled 2) mere 3) motion 4) sweating 5) stretched 6) vain 7) On one occasion 8) anxiety 9) emotions 10) ashamed 11) In my mind’s eye 12) recurring 2. 1) Mrs. White’s birthday coincides with her husband’s.

2) They make big profits on the stuff they sell by creating an artificial shortage, which send s

the prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices. 3) It has been a week of alternate sunshine and rain.

4) Politics and philosophy have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics at

university.

5) Tension came over her, as she waited for her first TV interview.

3. 1) media, dedication to, grace 2) his competitors, in excitement, hug him, congratulate him on 3) emotions, numerous, intensity, passion for II.

1. Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community.

2. In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should) continue her

education to acquire still another degree.

3. There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility to

safeguard the welfare of animals.

4. Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them the

idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat. 5. Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly. 6. Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent. III.

1. I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.

2. Florence has worked as cleaner at the factory for five years.

3. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees. 4. The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons. 5. It is difficult to understand how human minds work.

6. To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new products doesn’t work at all. 7. The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don’t know how to learn. 8. The medicine was like magic, and it worked instantly after you took it. Comprehensive Exercise I.

1. 1) In my mind’s eye 2) groan 3) competitor 4) intensity 5) anxiety 6) tense 7) sweat 8) tension 9) soaring 10) recurring 11) brought me back to earth 12) fantasy 13) sweat 14) congratulate 15) numerous 16) media

2. 1) engineer 2) forget 3) convinced 4) how 5) build 6) accident

7) thought 8)only 9) sharp 10) touched 11) instructions 12) finally II. Translation

1. 1) It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the company

into a profitable business.

2) The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months. 3) We plan to repaint the upper floors of he office building.

4) His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.

5) I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully.

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2. Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.

Consider the case of/Take Donna, Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”

★ Text B

Comprehension Check: b c b b c a Language Practice

1. a e d c b h f g

2. 1) aid 2) inclined 3) in good health 4) shortcomings 5) penetrated

6) dismiss 7)has suffered from 8)progressive 9)optimistic 10)to a degree 11)hold on to 12)install

Unit 6

★ Text A

Vocabulary I.

1. 1) culture/cultural 2) indication 3) miniature 4) ironic 5) stumbled into 6) decent 7) buzzing 8) abnormal 9) mechanical 10) Shuddering 11) implied 12) leap 2. 1) You can convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office a the airport.

2) I figured she didn’t know the first thing about cooking as she looked puzzled as to how to

cook rice with the rice cooker.

3) The manager glowed with pleasure upon hearing that in spite of their faulty equipment the

team had accomplished some very useful work.

4) I’m grateful to my company for allowing me to work flexible hours as long as I work eight

hours a day.

5) On seeing the comments made in the margins by previous readers, Tom couldn’t help

thinking the book must be quite fascinating.

3. 1) will not panic/feel panic, ’ll be at a disadvantage 2) hybrid, transmission 3) crave, One indication, to distinguish

II. 1. also 2. as well/too 3. too 4. also 5. as well/too 6. too 7. also 8. Also III. 1. I’ve had enough 2. When I was old enough to work and earn money 3. can’t get enough sleep at night 4. has so far collected enough of them 5. have strong enough arms 6. have just enough money to live on Comprehensive Exercise I.

1. 1) stumbled into 2) not know the first thing about 3) mechanical 4) when it comes to 5) hybrid 6) gritted her teeth 7) premise 8) at a disadvantage 9) panic 10) cultural 11) flexible 12) imply

2. 1) chair 2) force 3) secrets 4) painstaking 5) recognized 6) steered 7) essentially 8) observation 9) women 10) tutor 11) inspired 12) unless

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II. Translation

1. 1) He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing a computer games, he is far too

clever for his classmates.

2) Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and start playing with them.

3) There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I will just have to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.

4) The hunter would not have fired the shots if he hadn’t seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite.

5) I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory --- he does not seem to remember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing.

2. Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equality advocate.

★ Text B

Comprehension Check: b a d b d c a Language Practice

1. b d a e g c f h

2. 1) crisis 2) weighed down 3) supportive 4) takes all the credit 5) pleaded 6) in control of 7) party 8) expense 9) lives for 10) semester 11) at every opportunity 12) stir

Unit 7

★ Text A

Vocabulary I.

1. 1) Strictly speaking 2) drifted 3) resembles 4) invaded 5) is conquered 6) fascinating 7) snack 8) put…into practice 9) source 10) climate 11) surrendered 12) were aroused 2. 1) an absolute necessity rather than a luxury 2) is a valuable addition to the football team. 3) will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes. 4) alternative but to g via Vancouver to get to Seattle

5) declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as an emergency measure to

stop the spread of mad cow disease.

3. 1) systematic, have invented, to a very real extent, mysteries

2) to establish, to be modifies/ modifying 3) tolerance towards, strike out, enrich

II. 1. a) wish b) wish c) want d) want/wish 2. a) skin b) hide/skin c) hide d) skin 3. a) raise/rear b) raise c) rear/raise d) raise 4. a) royal b) kingly/royal c) sovereign

d) royal/kingly

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III. 1. Indeed 2. though 3. Frankly 4. Moreover 5. To my knowledge 6. however 7. nevertheless 8. Yet 9. instead 10) in other words Comprehensive Exercise I.

1. 1) fascinating 2) tolerance 3) invented 4) addition 5) ban 6) corrupt 7) out of control 8) influenced 9) elite 10)came up with 11) establishing 12) Massive 13）sources 14）enrich

2. 1) early 2) similar 3) source 4) observation 5) examine 6) features 7) declared 8) stronger 9) accident 10) sprung II. Translation

1. 1) Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect. 2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.

3) He paused for effect, then said:“We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.” 4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.

5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign

state,/We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.

2. Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people， linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language : American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.

★ Text B

Comprehension Check: c c c d b d Language Practice

1. g e d c b h f a

2. 1) give way to 2) predict 3) substantial 4) integrate 5) in transition 6) aspect 7) to name a few 8) authority 9) dominate 10) had contributed to 11) unique 12) rid yourself of

Unit 8

Vocabulary

I. 1) barking 2) evil 3) brooding, hatched 4) migrant 5) tragedies 6) counterpart 7) are complaining/complain 8) grim 9) flocks, fed on 10) vegetation 11) patches 12) Scores of

2. 1) was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreign guests 2) the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office

3) wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowded unnoticed. 4) looked deserted 5) were stricken by it

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3. 1) patches, came into full bloom, were puzzled, mysterious

2) throbbed with, sickened, migrant, a chorus 3) had crept into. Flickered, the stark

II. 1. age-old, air force, daughter-in-law, first-rate, greenhouse, half brother, ice-cream, lifelike,

light year, salesperson, self-centered, threefold, overuse, stone-still, worldwide

2. 1) poverty-stricken people 2) heart-breaking news 3) newly-built 4) well-fed kids

5) successful spacewalk 6) peace-loving 7) need-based scholarships 8) color-blind people

III. 1. lying 2. laid 3. lay 4. lain 5. lie 6. lay 7. lie 8. lay 9. lay 10. lies Comprehensive Exercise I.

1. 1) spell 2) stricken 3) misfortunes 4) surroundings 5) blossom/bloom 6) migrant 7)deserted 8) silence 9) sickened 10) hatch 11) puzzled 12) in harmony with 2. 1) rate 2) publication 3) dangerous 4) banned 5) export 6) profit 7) accept 8)comprehend 9) boundaries 10) ultimately II. Translation

1. 1) This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance. 2) The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children never complained.

3) The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfect harmony with its surroundings.

4) It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.

5) Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the winter snow.

2. This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round,

the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner. However, with the coming of DDT and other pesticides, an evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. Misfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.

★ Text B

Comprehension Check: b d a b b c Language Practice

1. c d g a h b e f

2. 1) adapt 2) injured 3) immune 4) hostile 5) gives out 6) slight 7) take up

8) significance 9) for the most part 10) deliberate 11)span 12) get caught up in

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