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A. you keep getting headaches B. you always have a cold

C. your hair is falling out D. your brain feels confused

61. Which of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?

Breathing slowly with your eyes closed. A.

B. Waiting until your brain returns to normal.

Spreading lavender oil on your temples. C.

Relaxing and attacking your brain softly. D.

62. What will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?

Our hair starts falling out and then grows back. A.

B. Our body’s resistant system attacks your hair follicles

Our hair starts growing again. C. D. A serious headache starts.

(C)

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For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing (AM) have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3-D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.

Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.

A new special issue of Yale’s Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.

Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials – thus the label “additive.”

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“The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label 3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing,” said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial. “We need to know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, and especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process.”

Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production – by consumers, merchants and hobbyists – and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used.

“This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies,” said Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. “If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie.”

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The special issue contains:

life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and products

investigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologies

studies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materials

examination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technology analysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology

63. The word “additive” in the passage refers to ______.

A. the substance added in small amounts for a special purpose

B. the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processes

C. the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materials

D. the traditional way to produce products by removing materials

64. The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on ______. A. the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainability

B. a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturing

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C. the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturing D. the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology

65. Which of the following can be inferred about the researchers’ viewpoint from the passage? A. 3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.

B. 3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing. C. AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health. D. The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies. 66. The passage mainly discusses ______. A. investigations of the 3-D printing process B.the environmental implications of 3-D printing

C. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materials D.assessments of additive manufacturing processes Section C

A. The findings show that they also apply criticism to nontraditional women’s husbands. B. He is also regarded as having less power in the relationship.

C. These include having a higher status, yielding more power, being more self-focused, ambitious and self-confident.

D. The married surname tradition is more than just a tradition.

E. Up to now, researchers have not yet examined how a woman’s married surname choice influences how others look at her husband.

F. Women’s rightist scholars understand why the surname tradition remains widely supported.

What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?

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