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必修一Unit 4 earthquakes单元测试

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment. These findings come from a new report in the journal Nature.

David Tilman, a professor of ecology at the University of Minnesota, America, examined information from 100 countries to identify what people ate and how a diet affected health. He noted a movement beginning in the 1960s. He found that as nations industrialized (工业化), population increased and earnings rose, more people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet.

The Western diet is high in sugar, fat, oil and meat. By eating these foods, people began to get fatter and sicker. David Tilman says overweight people are at greater risk of non-infectious diseases like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease.

Unfortunately when people become industrialized, if they adopt this Western diet, they are going to have these health problems, especially in developing countries in Asia. China is an example where the number of diabetes cases has been jumping from less than one percent to 10 percent of the population as they began to industrialize over a 20-year period.

And that is happening all across the world, in Mexico, in Nigeria and so on.

And, a diet bad for human beings is also bad for the environment. As the world's population grows, more forests and tropical (热带的) areas will become farmlands for crops or grasslands for cattle. We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.

Mr Tilman calls the link between the diet, the environment and human health, “a trilemma”—a problem offering a difficult choice. He says one possible solution is leaving the Western diet behind.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。《自然》杂志上一篇新的报告表

示，西方饮食对人的健康和环境有不良影响，人们应警惕西方饮食带来的危害。

1．According to the passage, more greenhouse gas might be given off in the future from_________.

A．transportation B．developing countries C．agriculture D．developed countries

答案：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知，未来更多的温室气体排放可能来自于农业，故选择C项。

2．We can infer from the passage that_________. A．Nigeria has the largest number of diabetes cases B．overweight people are at higher risk of infectious diseases C．the examined information comes from developing countries D．industrialization contributes to the spread of the Western diet 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，工业化、人口增长和收入增加造成了西方饮食的广泛传播，故D项正确。

3．The main purpose of the passage is to_________. A．call on us to protect the environment B．warn us of the danger of the Western diet C．remind us of the importance of health D．advise us to have a balanced diet

答案：B 推理判断题。结合全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，西方饮食有害健康，不利于环境，故作者是想通过该文让人们警惕西方饮食带来的危害。

B

To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount, according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine.

After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of

Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived an average of 14 years longer than those who didn't.

“We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen the benefit before，” said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health Research at the UK Medical Research Council. “The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from.”

Study participants (参与者) scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake.

Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes. But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years.

“We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things，” said Dr Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert from the World Health Organization. “The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically (理论上) possible.”

“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them，” Susan Jebb said. “We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change.”

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。英国剑桥大学的一项研究表明：不抽烟，多吃水果蔬菜，定期锻炼和适量饮酒，这些好习惯可能会让人的寿命延长14年。

4．Which of the following doesn't belong to the four healthy habits? A．Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. B．Doing proper exercise in the morning every day. C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day.