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complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, \bility of three\quirements of the management system, responsible for \bility of three\nd the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, inspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) annual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection, evaluation, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedback from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsible for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment focus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Manager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigation, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation national of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company \bility three of\equirements, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs approval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlement system cash management system,), by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and 什么是电力需求侧管理(DSM)
来源:互联网 时间:2007-12-1 8:43:35
DSM是英文“Power Demand Side Management”的简称,中文为“电力需求侧管理”。 国务院总理温家宝4日下午主持召开国务院常务会议研究部署当前煤电油运有关工作的消息中提到,当前重点要做好加强电力需求侧管理等工作。
“需求侧管理”是英文“demand side management”的翻译,缩写为DSM,根据这个意义,电力需求侧管理是指对用电一方实施的管理。这种管理是国家通过政策措施引导用户高峰时少用电,低谷时多用电,提高供电效率、优化用电方式的办法。这样可以在完成同样用电功能的情况下减少电量消耗和电力需求,从而缓解缺电压力,降低供电成本和用电成本。使供电和用电双方得到实惠。达到节约能源和保护环境的长远目的。 从我国近年来的电力持续负荷统计来看,全国95%以上的高峰负荷年累计持续时间只有几十个小时,采用增加调峰发电装机的方法来满足这部分高峰负荷很不经济。如果采用需求侧管理的方法削减这部分高峰负荷,则可以缓解电力供需紧张的压力。
专家认为,目前我国应把需求侧管理工作纳入能源发展和经济社会发展的总体规划,统一研究,统一部署。完善有关的法律法规,建立需求侧管理的长效机制。制定相关的政策措施,筹集必要的资金,积极支持需求侧管理工作。研究建立有关电价的联动机制,通过经济杠杆调节用电需求。开发新技术,大力采用新设备,为需求侧管理提供技术支撑。
电力需求侧管理二十世纪九十年代初传入我国。在政府的倡导下,电力公司及电力用户做了大量工作。如采用拉大峰谷电价,实行可中断负荷电价等措施,引导用户调整生产运行方式,采用冰蓄冷空调,蓄热式电锅炉等。同时还采取一些激励政策及措施,推广节能灯、变频调速电动机及水泵、高效变压器等节能设备。
据介绍,美国、日本、加拿大、德国、法国、意大利等国家都有一支庞大的队伍从事需求侧管理工作。仅2000年,美国投入约15.6亿美元实施需求侧管理工作,节电537亿千瓦时,减少高峰负荷2200万千瓦。
complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, \bility of three\quirements of the management system, responsible for \bility of three\nd the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, inspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) annual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection, evaluation, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedback from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsible for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment focus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Manager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigation, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation national of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company \bility three of\s, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs approval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlement system cash management system,), by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and 电力需求侧管理是指通过优化用电方式,移峰填谷,提高终端用电效率和发、供电效率,达到科学用电、合理用电、均衡用电和节约用电的目的,是实现科学发展的新理念和新的管理模式,是建设资源节约型社会的战略之举和系统工程,是节约能源、保护环境、利国利民、造福社会、功在当代、利在千秋的宏图伟业。
电力需求侧管理是一项促进电力工业与环境、经济、社会协调发展的系统工程,是合理配置能源资源、节省能源、缓解电力供需紧张形式的有效手段,是牢固树立和认真实践科学发展观的重要内容,是能源发展的长远大计。胡锦涛总书记在华东电网公司考察时要求:要加强电力需求侧管理,合理用电、有序供电,优先保证居民用电和重要用户的用电,确保电网安全运行。
党的十六大提出了今后20年我国经济和社会发展的宏伟目标,国内生产总植(GDP)要在2000年的基础上再翻两番,全面建设小康社会,人民享受更高的物质文明和精神文明,这一宏伟目标能否顺利实现,相当程度上取决于电力在未来20年做出的贡献。中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理黄菊在《致全国电力需求侧管理经验交流会议的信》中指出:加强电力需求侧管理,不仅可以有效缓解当前电力供求,而且是实现科学的电力发展观的重要举措。国内外的经验都充分说明,电源建设与需求侧管理同等重要。如果说,电源建设是第一资源的话,那么需求侧管理就是在开发第二资源,而且潜力很大。所以说,加强需求侧管理有利于节约能源,有利于环境保护,有利于引导全社会科学用电,我省在全面建设小康社会进程中,应坚持开发与节约并重、电源建设与需求侧管理并举,应当把全面加强电力需求侧管理放在首位。
展望未来,电力需求侧的前景广阔。到2020年,全国通过实施DSM可节省1亿千瓦的装机,超过5个三峡的装机容量,可节省8千到1万亿元的投资,年节约用电量2200亿千瓦时,将极大地缓解国民经济和社会发展对资源与环境的压力。到2020年,河北省通过实施DSM可节省500万千瓦的装机,可节约400亿元电力投资,年节约用电量110亿千瓦时,节煤450万吨,减排二氧化碳1000万吨,将为全省经济、社会、环境协调发展做出重大贡献。随着航天技术的不断发展,人类开发利用太空能源的梦想一定会变成现实,DSM也将为人类的生存和发展做出更大的贡献!
在不知不觉中就能做出这么大贡献,可见,大力推进DSM已刻不容缓,作为一个公民,我们更要增强节电意识,自觉地从自身做起,节约能源,保护环境! 一、需求侧管理定义
需求侧管理(DSM)是指在政府法规和政策的支持下,采取有效的激励和引导措施以及适宜的运作方式,通过发电公司、电网公司、能源服务公司、社会中介组织、产品供应商、电力用户等
complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, \bility of three\quirements of the management system, responsible for \bility of three\nd the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, inspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) annual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection, evaluaton, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedback from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsible for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment focus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Manager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigation, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation national of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company \bility three of\s, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs approval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlement system cash management system,), by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and 共同协力,提高终端用电效率和改变用电方式,在满足同样用电功能的同时减少电量消耗和电力需求,达到节约资源和保护环境,实现社会效益最好、各方受益、最低成本能源服务所进行的管理活动。
二、需求侧管理目标
DSM的目标主要集中在电力和电量的改变上,一方面采取措施降低电网的峰荷时段的电力需求或增加电网的低谷时段的电力需求,以较少的新增装机容量达到系统的电力供需平衡;另一方面,采取措施节省或增加电力系统的发电量,在满足同样的能源服务的同时节约了社会总资源的耗费。从经济学的角度看,DSM的目标就是将有限的电力资源最有效地加以利用,使社会效益最大化。在DSM的规划实施过程中,不同地区的电网公司还有一些具体目标。如供电总成本最小、购电费用最小等目标。
三、需求侧管理对象
DSM的对象主要指电力用户的终端用能设备,以及与用电环境条件有关的设施。包括以下6方面:1.用户终端的主要用电设备,如照明系统、空调系统、电动机系统、电热、电化学、冷藏、热水器等;2.可与电能相互替代的用能设备,如以燃气、燃油、燃煤、太阳能、沼气等作为动力的替代设备;3.与电能利用有关的余热回收,如热泵、热管、余热和余压发电等;4.与用电有关的蓄能设备,如蒸汽蓄热器、热水蓄热器、电动汽车蓄电瓶等;5.自备发电厂,如自备背压式、抽汽式热电厂,以及燃气轮机电厂、柴油机电厂等;6.与用电有关的环境设施,如建筑物的保温、自然采光和自然采暖及遮阴等。
用电领域极为广阔,用电工艺多种多样,在确定具体的管理对象时一定要精心选择。尤其是节能项目一般要求投产快,要逐年连续实施,一定要有可采用的先进技术和设备作为实施需求侧管理措施必要的技术条件。
四、需求侧管理资源
需求侧管理资源主要指终端用电设备节约的电量和节约的高峰电力需求。主要包括: 1.提高照明、空调、电动机及系统、电热、冷藏、电化学等设备用电效率所节约的电力和电量;2.蓄冷、蓄热、蓄电等改变用电方式所转移的电力;3.能源替代、余能回收所减少和节约的电力和电量;4.合同约定可中断负荷所转移或节约的电力和电量;5.建筑物保温等改善用电环境所节约的电力和电量;6.用户改变消费行为减少或转移用电所节约的电力和电量;7.自备电厂参与调度后电网减供的电力和电量。
用户通过改造现有设备或改变用电习惯所获得的资源可称为“可改造的资源”。而用户新购买